Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/55)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Sufyan ibn Uyaynah said: “Consider this graciousness: He began with pardon before censuring him for the fault.”

It was also said: Allah, exalted is He, honored him and elevated his rank by opening the statement with a supplication for him. This is like a man saying to someone he addresses, when that person holds a special place with him: “May Allah forgive you—what have you done concerning my need?” Or: “May Allah be pleased with you—why have you not visited me?” It was also said that its meaning is: May Allah perpetuate His pardon for you.

“Why did you grant them leave?” That is, to remain behind from you, “until it became clear to you which of them were truthful” in their excuses, “and you came to know the liars” among them—that is, so that you would know those who had no excuse. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “At that time, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not know the hypocrites.”

“Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day do not ask your permission to refrain from striving with their wealth and their lives.” That is, they do not ask your permission to remain behind. “And Allah knows best those who are mindful of Him.”

“Only those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day ask your permission, and whose hearts are filled with doubt”: that is, they doubted and harbored hypocrisy. “So that they waver in their doubt,” bewildered and uncertain.

“Had they intended to go forth” to battle, “they would have made preparations for it”: that is, they would have prepared provisions and strength in weapons and mounts. “But Allah disliked their going forth,” meaning their departure, “so He held them back”: He prevented and restrained them from going forth. “And it was said, ‘Remain behind’” in your homes, “with those who remain behind,” meaning with the sick and the chronically disabled. It was also said: with the women and children. His saying, exalted is He, “And it was said,” means that some of them said to others, “Remain behind.” It was also said that He inspired this into their hearts, and they were prompted by the causes of abandonment.

قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: انْظُرُوا إِلَى هَذَا اللُّطْفِ بَدَأَ بِالْعَفْوِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعَيِّرَهُ بِالذَّنْبِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ وَقَّرَهُ وَرَفَعَ مَحَلَّهُ بِافْتِتَاحِ الْكَلَامِ بِالدُّعَاءِ لَهُ، كَمَا يَقُولُ الرَّجْلُ لِمَنْ يُخَاطِبُهُ إِذَا كَانَ كَرِيمًا عِنْدَهُ: عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ مَا صَنَعْتَ فِي حَاجَتِي؟ وَرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْكَ أَلَا زُرْتَنِي. وَقِيلَ مَعْنَاهُ: أَدَامَ اللَّهُ لَكَ الْعَفْوَ. ﴿لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: فِي التَّخَلُّفِ عَنْكَ ﴿حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا﴾ فِي أَعْذَارِهِمْ، ﴿وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ﴾ فِيهَا، أَيْ: تَعْلَمَ مَنْ لَا عُذْرَ لَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵁: لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْرِفُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ. ﴿لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ فِي التَّخَلُّفِ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ﴾ . ﴿إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ﴾ أَيْ شَكَّتْ وَنَافَقَتْ، ﴿فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ﴾ مُتَحَيِّرِينَ. ﴿وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا الْخُرُوجَ﴾ إِلَى الْغَزْوِ، ﴿لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ﴾ أي: لهيؤوا لَهُ ﴿عُدَّةً﴾ أُهْبَةً وَقُوَّةً مِنَ السِّلَاحِ وَالْكُرَاعِ، ﴿وَلَكِنْ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ﴾ خُرُوجَهُمْ، ﴿فَثَبَّطَهُمْ﴾ مَنَعَهُمْ وَحَبَسَهُمْ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ، ﴿وَقِيلَ اقْعُدُوا﴾ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ، ﴿مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي: مَعَ الْمَرْضَى وَالزَّمْنَى. وَقِيلَ: مَعَ النِّسْوَانِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَقِيلَ﴾ أَيْ: قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: اقْعُدُوا. وَقِيلَ: أَوْحَى إِلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَأُلْهِمُوا أَسْبَابَ الْخُذْلَانِ.