Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/50)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is also reported that, when Abu Bakr set out with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, for the cave, he would walk ahead of him for a while and behind him for a while. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, “What is the matter with you, Abu Bakr?” He replied, “I think of the pursuers, so I walk behind you; then I think of those lying in wait, so I walk ahead of you.” When they reached the cave, he said, “Stay where you are, Messenger of Allah, until I make sure that the cave is safe.” He entered and inspected it, then said, “Come down, Messenger of Allah.” So he came down. Umar said, “By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, that night was better than the entire household of Umar.” (1)

Abu al-Muzaffar al-Tamimi informed us; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Uthman, known as Ibn Abi al-Nadr, informed us; Khaythamah ibn Sulayman informed us; Abu Qilabah al-Raqqashi related to us; Hayyan ibn Hilal related to us; Hammam ibn Yahya related to us; Thabit al-Bunani related to us; Anas ibn Malik related to us that Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated to them: “While we were in the cave, I looked at the feet of the polytheists above our heads and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, if any one of them were to look beneath his feet, he would see us.’ He said, ‘Abu Bakr, what do you suppose of two with Allah as their third?’” (2)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi related to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail related to us; Yahya ibn Bukayr related to us; al-Layth related from Uqayl. Ibn Shihab said: Urwah ibn al-Zubayr informed me that Aishah, the wife of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I never knew my parents except that they followed this religion, and not a day passed without the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, coming to us at both ends of the day, morning and evening. Then, when the Muslims were put to trial... the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to the Muslims, ‘I have been shown the land to which you will emigrate: a land of date palms, between two lava fields.’ Thus, those who emigrated set out toward Medina, and most of those who had emigrated to Abyssinia returned to Medina. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, prepared to leave for Medina, but the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, ‘Wait a while, for I hope that I will be granted permission.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Do you indeed hope for that—may my father be sacrificed for you?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ So Abu Bakr held himself back in order to accompany the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and for four months he fed two riding-camels that he owned with acacia leaves, known as khabt.

Ibn Shihab said: Urwah said: Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “While we were sitting one day in Abu Bakr’s house in the intense heat of noon, someone said to Abu Bakr, ‘Here is the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, with his head covered, at an hour when he did not usually come to us.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘May my father and mother be sacrificed for him! By Allah, nothing but some urgent matter has brought him at this hour.’ She said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came, asked permission to enter, and was admitted. When he entered, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Abu Bakr, ‘Have those who are with you leave.’ Abu Bakr replied, ‘They are only your family.’

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:197-198, to al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il and to Ibn Asakir on the authority of Dubbah ibn Muhsin. Ibn Kathir said in al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 3:180: “This account contains unfamiliar and objectionable elements.” Ibn Ishaq also narrated it in abbreviated form, 1:486. Ibn Kathir said of this report: “There is a break in its chain at both ends.” He also cited it at length through Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi and said: “This is mursal, though we have mentioned supporting reports for it.” (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Fada'il Ashab al-Nabi, chapter: “The Virtues of the Muhajirun,” 7:8-9; by Muslim in Fada'il al-Sahabah, chapter: “The Virtues of Abu Bakr,” no. 2381, 4:1854; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:365.

وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ حِينَ انْطَلَقَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْغَارِ جَعَلَ يَمْشِي سَاعَةً بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَسَاعَةً خَلْفَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَالَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ؟ قَالَ: أَذْكُرُ الطَّلَبَ فَأَمْشِي خَلْفَكَ، ثُمَّ أَذْكُرُ الرَّصْدَ فَأَمْشِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْك، فَلَّمَا انْتَهَيَا إِلَى الْغَارِ قَالَ مَكَانَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ حَتَّى أسْتَبْرِئَ الْغَارَ، فَدَخَلَ فَاسْتَبْرَأَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْزِلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَنَزَلَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ آلِ عُمَرَ (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُظَفَّرِ التَّمِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ أَبِي النَّظَرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَيْثَمَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ الرَّقَّاشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَيَّانُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقَ ﵁ حَدَّثَهُمْ، قَالَ: نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَقْدَامِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَوْقَ رُؤُوسِنَا وَنَحْنُ فِي الْغَارِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ نَظَرَ تَحْتَ قَدَمَيْهِ أَبْصَرَنَا، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا ظَنُّكَ بِاثْنَيْنٍ اللَّهُ ثَالِثُهُمَا؟ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَيَّ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ، وَلَمْ يَمُرَّ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمٌ إِلَّا يَأْتِينَا فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا، فَلِمَا ابْتُلِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ.. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: "إِنِّي أُرِيْتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ، ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ، بَيْنَ لَابَّتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ". فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَرَجَعَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي" فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَهَلْ تَرْجُو ذَلِكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ" فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَصْحَبهُ، وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ -كَانَتَا عِنْدَهُ-وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ، وَهُوَ الْخَبْطُ، أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ يَوْمًا جُلُوسٌ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي نَحْرِ الظَّهِيرَةِ، قَالَ قَائِلٌ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُتَقَنِّعًا فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِينَا فِيهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: فِدَاءً لَهُ أَبِي وَأُمِّي، وَاللَّهِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا أَمْرٌ، قَالَتْ: فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَ، فَأُذِنَ لَهُ، فَدَخَلَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَخْرِجْ مَنْ عِنْدَكَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّمَا هُمْ أَهْلُكَ

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: (٤ / ١٩٧-١٩٨) للبيهقي في الدلائل، ولابن عساكر عن ضبة بن محصن. قال ابن كثير في البداية والنهاية: (٣ / ١٨٠) في هذا السياق غرابة ونكارة. وأخرجه ابن إسحاق مختصرا: ١ / ٤٨٦. وقال ابن كثير عن هذه الرواية: وهذا فيه انقطاع من طرفيه، وساقه من رواية أبي القاسم البغوي مطولا، وقال: وهذا مرسل، وقد ذكرنا له شواهد. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في فضائل أصحاب النبي ﷺ، باب مناقب المهاجرين: ٧ / ٨-٩، ومسلم في فضائل الصحابة، باب فضائل أبي بكر ﵁، برقم (٢٣٨١) : ٤ / ١٨٥٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٦٥.