Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/49)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“If you do not support him, Allah has already supported him when the disbelievers drove him out, one of two, when they were in the cave, when he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; indeed, Allah is with us.’ Then Allah sent down His tranquillity upon him, strengthened him with forces you did not see, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while Allah’s Word is the highest. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.” (40)

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “If you do not support him, Allah has already supported him.” This is an announcement from Allah, Exalted is He, that He has undertaken to grant victory to His Messenger and to make His religion prevail, whether they support him or not. He had already granted him victory when his allies were few and his enemies numerous; so how then now, when he has abundant numbers and equipment?

“When the disbelievers drove him out”: from Makkah, when they plotted against him, sought to ambush him by night, and intended to kill him. “One of two”: that is, he was one of the two. The two were the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and the other was Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him. “When they were in the cave”: a cleft in Mount Thawr in Makkah. “When he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; indeed, Allah is with us.’” Al-Sha‘bi said: “In this verse, Allah, Exalted is He, reproached all the people of the earth except Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him.”

Abu al-Muzaffar Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Tamimi informed us; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Uthman informed us; Khaythamah ibn Sulayman informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Dawraqi related to us; Sa‘id ibn Sulayman related to us, from Ali ibn Hashim, from Kathir al-Nawwa’i, from Jumay‘ ibn Umayr, who said: “I came to Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, and heard him say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him: ‘You are my companion in the cave and my companion at the Pond.’” (1)

Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl said: “Whoever says that Abu Bakr was not the companion of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, is a disbeliever, because he has denied the explicit text of the Quran. As for the rest of the Companions, whoever denies this is an innovator, but not a disbeliever.”

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Do not grieve; indeed, Allah is with us.” Abu Bakr’s grief was not out of cowardice; rather, it was out of concern for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He said: “If I am killed, I am only one man; but if you are killed, the ummah will perish.” 158/a

(1) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in al-Manaqib, chapter: “Glad Tidings for Abu Bakr and Umar,” 10:154. He said: “This is a hasan, gharib, sahih hadith.” It was also recorded by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:82, where he said: “This is a hasan, gharib hadith.” Its chain includes Kathir ibn Isma'il, or Ibn Nafi', al-Nawwa, who is weak and belongs to the sixth generation. See al-Taqrib.

﴿إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (٤٠) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ﴾ هَذَا إِعْلَامٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿ أَنَّهُ الْمُتَكَفِّلُ بِنَصْرِ رَسُولِهِ وَإِعْزَازِ دِينِهِ، أَعَانُوهُ أَوْ لَمْ يُعِينُوهُ، وَأَنَّهُ قَدْ نَصَرَهُ عِنْدَ قِلَّةِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، وَكَثْرَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ، فَكَيْفَ بِهِ الْيَوْمَ وَهُوَ فِي كَثْرَةٍ مِنَ الْعَدَدِ وَالْعُدَدِ؟ ﴿إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ مِنْ مَكَّةَ حِينَ مَكَرُوا بِهِ وَأَرَادُوا تَبْيِينَهُ وَهَمُّوا بِقَتْلِهِ، ﴿ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ﴾ أَيْ هُوَ أَحَدُ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَالِاثْنَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالْآخَرُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقُ ﵁، ﴿إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ﴾ وَهُوَ نَقْبٌ فِي جَبَلِ ثَوْرٍ بِمَكَّةَ، ﴿إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا﴾ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: عَاتَبَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ غَيْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقِ ﵁. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُظَفَّرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، أَنْبَأَنَا خَيْثَمَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ النَّوَّاءِ عَنْ جُمَيْعِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ﵄ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁: "أَنْتَ صَاحِبِي فِي الْغَارِ، وَصَاحِبِي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ" (١) . قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ: مَنْ قَالَ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ لِإِنْكَارِهِ نَصَّ الْقُرْآنِ. وَفِي سَائِرِ الصَّحَابَةِ إِذَا أَنْكَرَ يَكُونُ مُبْتَدِعًا، لَا يَكُونُ كَافِرًا. وَقَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا﴾ لَمْ يَكُنْ حُزْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ جُبْنًا مِنْهُ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ إِشْفَاقًا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ: إِنْ أُقْتَلُ فَأَنَا رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِنْ قُتِلْتَ هلكت الأمة ١٥٨/أ

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في المناقب، باب بشارة لأبي بكر وعمر: ١٠ / ١٥٤، وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب صحيح. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٨٢. وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب. وفي الحديث: كثير بن إسماعيل أو ابن نافع النَّواء: ضعيف من السادسة. (تقريب) .