Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/43)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is also narrated from Abu Umamah that he said: “A man from among the people of the Suffah (the sheltered platform) died, and a dinar was found in his waist-wrapper. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘One branding!’ Then another died, and two dinars were found in his waist-wrapper. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘Two brandings!’” (1)

The first view is more correct, because the verse concerns withholding zakat, not accumulating lawful wealth. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “How excellent is righteous wealth for a righteous man.” (2)

Mujahid narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: “When this verse was revealed, the Muslims found it burdensome and said, ‘None of us can leave anything for his children.’ Umar mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: ‘Allah prescribed zakat only in order to purify for you, through it, what remains of your wealth.’” (3)

Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about this verse, and he said: “That was before zakat was revealed. Once it was revealed, Allah made it a purification for wealth.”

Ibn Umar also said: “I would not mind if I possessed gold equal to Mount Uhud, knew its amount ⦗157/a⦘, paid its zakat, and acted in obedience to Allah.”

Allah, Most High, says: “And do not spend it in the way of Allah.” He did not say, “And do not spend them,” although He mentioned both gold and silver. It was said that the pronoun refers to hoarded treasures—the actual gold and silver. It was also said that the pronoun is referred back to silver because it is the more general of the two, just as Allah, Most High, says: “Seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, it is a burden...” (al-Baqarah 45). The pronoun is referred back to prayer because it is the more general of the two. Likewise, He says: “When they see trade or amusement, they rush off to it...” (al-Jumu'ah 11). The pronoun is referred back to trade because it is the more general of the two. “So give them glad tidings of a painful punishment,” that is, warn them.

“On the Day when it will be heated in the Fire of Hell, and their foreheads, sides, and backs will be branded with it: ‘This is what you hoarded for yourselves, so taste what you used to hoard.’” (35)

“On the Day when it will be heated in the Fire of Hell,” that is, it will be placed into the Fire and the fire will be kindled over it—that is, over the hoarded treasures,

(1) Recorded by Imam Ahmad, 1:101. Ibn Hajar said: “It was narrated by Ahmad, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Abu Yala, al-Tabarani, and al-Tabari, through Shahr ibn Hawshab. Ibn Hibban also narrated it from the hadith of Ibn Masud, with its latter half.” See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 76. (2) Recorded by Imam Ahmad, 4:197, 202; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:91. (3) Recorded by Abu Dawud in al-Zakat, chapter: “The Rights of Wealth,” 2:250. It was authenticated by al-Hakim, 2:333, and al-Bayhaqi, 4:83. The compiler also cited it in al-Masabih, 2:10. Al-Haythami mentioned it in al-Majma, 7:30, saying: “It was narrated by Abu Yala, and its chain includes Uthman ibn Umayr, who is weak.” See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:178.

وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: مَاتَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ، فَوُجِدَ فِي مِئْزَرِهِ دِينَارٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ "كَيَّةٌ"، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ آخَرُ فَوُجِدَ فِي مِئْزَرِهِ دِينَارَانِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "كَيَّتَانِ" (١) . وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ؛ لِأَنَّ الْآيَةَ فِي مَنْعِ الزَّكَاةِ لَا فِي جَمْعِ الْمَالِ الْحَلَالِ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "نِعْمَ الْمَالُ الصَّالِحُ لِلرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ" (٢) . وَرَوَى مُجَاهِدٌ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، كَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَالُوا: مَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدٌ مِنَّا أَنْ يَدَعَ لِوَلَدِهِ شَيْئًا، فَذَكَرَ عُمَرُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ الزَّكَاةَ إِلَّا لِيُطَيِّبَ بِهَا مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ" (٣) . وَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ﵄ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الزَّكَاةُ، فَلَمَّا أُنْزِلَتْ جَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ طُهْرًا لِلْأَمْوَالِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: مَا أُبَالِي لَوْ أَنَّ لِي مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا أعلم عدده ١٥٧/أأُزَكِّيهِ وَأَعْمَلُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهُمَا، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ جَمِيعًا. قِيلَ: أَرَادَ الْكُنُوزَ وَأَعْيَانَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ. وَقِيلَ: رَدَّ الْكِنَايَةَ إِلَى الْفِضَّةِ لِأَنَّهَا أَعَمُّ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: "وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ" "الْبَقَرَةِ -٤٥"، رَدَّ الْكِنَايَةَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ لِأَنَّهَا أَعَمُّ، وَكَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا" (الْجُمُعَةِ -١١) رَدَّ الْكِنَايَةَ إِلَى التِّجَارَةِ لِأَنَّهَا أَعَمُّ، ﴿فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ﴾ أَيْ: أَنْذِرْهُمْ. ﴿يَوْمَ يُحْمَى عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ هَذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ (٣٥) ﴾ . ﴿يَوْمَ يُحْمَى عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ﴾ أَيْ: تُدْخَلُ النَّارُ فَيُوقَدُ عَلَيْهَا أَيْ عَلَى الْكُنُوزِ،

(١) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ١ / ١٠١. قال ابن حجر: رواه أحمد وابن أبي شيبة وأبو يعلى والطبراني والطبري - من طريق شهر بن حوشب.. ورواه ابن حبان من حديث ابن مسعود بالشطر الثاني. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٧٦) . (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٤ / ١٩٧، ٢٠٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٩١. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الزكاة، باب حقوق المال: ٢ / ٢٥٠، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٣٣٣، والبيهقي: ٤ / ٨٣، وذكره المصنف في المصابيح: ٢ / ١٠. وذكره الهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ٣٠ وقال: رواه أبو يعلى وفيه عثمان بن عمير وهو ضعيف. وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ١٧٨.