Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/40)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

—raising it high and granting it victory—over all other religions, though the polytheists detest it.

They differed over the meaning of this verse. Ibn Abbas said: The pronoun refers to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him; that is, so that He may teach him all the laws of the religion and make them fully known to him, such that nothing of them remains hidden from him.

Others said: The pronoun refers to the religion of truth, and its prevailing over all religions means that Allah Most High is worshipped only through it. Abu Hurayrah and al-Dahhak said: This will occur when Jesus, son of Mary, descends: no followers of any religion will remain except that they enter Islam. 156 / b We narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said regarding the descent of Jesus, peace be upon him: “In his time, all religions will perish except Islam.” (1)

Al-Miqdad narrated: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “There will not remain upon the face of the earth any dwelling of mud or of hair except that Allah will cause the word of Islam to enter it, either through the honor of one who is honored or through the humiliation of one who is humiliated.” (2) That is, Allah will honor them and make them among its people, so that they are honored through it; or He will humble them, and they will submit to it.

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Abu al-Qasim al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Habib informed us; Abu Ja'far Muhammad Sulayman ibn Mansur related to us; Abu Muslim ibn Ibrahim ibn Abdullah al-Kajji related to us; Abu Asim al-Nabil related to us; Abd al-Hamid, who was Ibn Ja'far, related to us, from al-Aswad ibn al-Ala, from Abu Salamah, from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Night and day will not pass away until al-Lat and al-Uzza are worshipped.”

She said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, I had not thought that this would happen after Allah Most High revealed to you: ‘He is the One who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, so that He may make it prevail over every religion, though the polytheists detest it.’” He then said: “This will be so for as long as Allah wills. Then Allah Most High will send a gentle wind, which will take the souls of everyone who has an atom’s weight of goodness in his heart. Then those in whom there is no goodness will remain, and people will return to the religion of their forefathers.” (3)

Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl said: The meaning of the verse is that He will make it prevail over every religion through clear proofs.

It was also said: He will make it prevail over the religions surrounding the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and thus overcome them.

Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Allah has indeed made His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, prevail over all religions by making clear to everyone who heard him that it

(1) Part of a hadith narrated by Abu Hurayrah. It was recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:437. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: “Ahmad and Abu Dawud narrated it with a sound chain of transmission, through Abd al-Rahman ibn Adam from Abu Hurayrah, attributed to the Prophet.” (2) Recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 6:4. Al-Haythami cited it through al-Miqdad and Tamim al-Dari and said: “It was narrated by Ahmad and al-Tabarani, and al-Tabarani’s narrators are those of the Sahih.” Majma al-Zawa'id, 6:14. In manuscript “A,” the wording of the report is: “He makes one mighty, and He humiliates another.” (3) Recorded by Muslim in al-Fitan, chapter: “The Hour will not come until Daws worships Dhu al-Khalasah,” no. 2907, 4:2230; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:91-92.

لِيُعْلِيَهُ وَيَنَصُرَهُ، ﴿عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ﴾ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْأَدْيَانِ، ﴿وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ﴾ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الْهَاءُ عَائِدَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيْ: لِيُعَلِّمَهُ شَرَائِعَ الدِّينِ كُلَّهَا فَيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُونَ: الْهَاءُ رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى دِينِ الْحَقِّ، وَظُهُورُهُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ هُوَ أَنْ لَا يُدَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَّا بِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ عِيسَى بن مَرْيَمَ لَا يَبْقَى أَهْلُ دِينٍ إِلَّا دَخَلَ في الإسلام. ١٥٦ / ب وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي نُزُولِ عِيسَى ﵇ قَالَ: "وَيَهْلَكُ فِي زَمَانِهِ الْمِلَلُ كُلُّهَا إِلَّا الْإِسْلَامَ" (١) وَرَوَى الْمِقْدَادُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "لَا يَبْقَى عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ بَيْتُ مَدَرٍ وَلَا وَبَرٍ إِلَّا أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ كَلِمَةَ الْإِسْلَامِ إِمَّا بِعِزِّ عَزِيزٍ أَوْ ذُلِّ ذَلِيلٍ" (٢) إِمَّا يُعِزُّهُمُ اللَّهُ فَيَجْعَلُهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، فَيَعِزُّ بِهِ، أَوْ يُذِلُّهُمْ فَيَدِينُونَ لَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكَجِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ، هُوَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵁ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يَذْهَبُ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ حَتَّى تُعْبَدَ اللَّاتُ وَالْعُزَّى"، قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْكَ: "هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: "يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى رِيحًا طَيِّبَةً، فَتَقْبِضُ مَنْ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ، ثُمَّ يَبْقَى مَنْ لَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ، فَيَرْجِعُ النَّاسُ إِلَى دِينِ آبَائِهِمْ" (٣) . قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ: مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ بِالْحُجَجِ الْوَاضِحَةِ. وَقِيلَ: لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ الَّتِي حَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَيَغْلِبَهُمْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فَقَدْ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ عَلَى الْأَدْيَانِ كُلِّهَا بِأَنْ أَبَانَ لِكُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ أَنَّهُ

(١) قطعة من حديث أبي هريرة، أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٤٣٧. وقال الحافظ ابن حجر: رواه أحمد وأبو داود بإسناد صحيح من طريق عبد الرحمن بن آدم عن أبي هريرة مرفوعا. (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٦ / ٤. وذكره الهيثمي من رواية المقداد وتميم الداري وقال: رواه أحمد والطبراني، ورجال الطبراني رجال الصحيح. مجمع الزوائد: ٦ / ١٤. هذا، وفي نسخة "أ" جاء في الرواية: "يعز عزيزا ويذل ذليلا". (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الفتن، باب لا تقوم الساعة حتى تعبد دوس ذا الخلصة برقم (٢٩٠٧) : ٤ / ٢٢٣٠ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٩١-٩٢.