Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/119)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“When there came to them a Book from Allah, confirming what was with them—though previously they had sought victory over those who disbelieved—then, when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it. So Allah’s curse is upon the disbelievers. (89) Wretched indeed is that for which they sold themselves: that they should disbelieve in what Allah has sent down, out of envy that Allah should send down of His bounty upon whomever He wills among His servants. Thus they incurred wrath upon wrath, and the disbelievers will have a humiliating punishment.” (90)

“Indeed, We gave Moses the Book”: that is, We gave him the Torah all at once. “And We sent after him messengers”: that is, We followed him with messengers, one messenger after another. “And We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs”: clear indications, namely those which Allah mentions in Surah Al Imran and Surah Al-Ma’idah. It is also said that what is meant is the Gospel. “And We strengthened him”: that is, We made him strong, “with the Holy Spirit.”

Ibn Kathir pronounced quds (“holiness”) with the d unvowelled, while the others pronounced it with a u-vowel. Both are valid linguistic forms, like the two forms of the word for “terror.” They differed concerning the Holy Spirit. Al-Rabiʿ and others said: What is meant by “the Spirit” is the spirit breathed into him, while “the Holy” is Allah. He ascribed it to Himself by way of honour and distinction, as in the expressions “the House of Allah” and “the she-camel of Allah,” as He says: “Then We breathed into him of Our Spirit” (al-Tahrim 66:12), and “a spirit from Him” (1) (al-Nisa 4:171).

It is also said that quds means purity; that is, the pure spirit. He called His spirit holy because it was neither contained in the loins of males nor encompassed by the wombs of menstruating women. Rather, it was a command from Allah, Exalted is He. Qatadah, al-Suddi, and al-Dahhak said: The Holy Spirit is Gabriel, peace be upon him. It is said that Gabriel was described as holy—that is, pure—because he did not commit any sin. Al-Hasan said: “The Holy” is Allah, and His Spirit is Gabriel. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Say: The Holy Spirit has brought it down from your Lord in truth” (al-Nahl 16:102).

(1) Added from manuscript B.

﴿وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ (٨٩) بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغْيًا أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ فَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (٩٠) ﴾ ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا﴾ أَعْطَيْنَا ﴿مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ﴾ التَّوْرَاةَ، جُمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً ﴿وَقَفَّيْنَا﴾ وَأَتْبَعْنَا ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ﴾ رَسُولًا بَعْدَ رَسُولٍ ﴿وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ﴾ الدَّلَالَاتِ الْوَاضِحَاتِ وَهِيَ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي سُورَةِ آلِ عِمْرَانَ وَالْمَائِدَةِ وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ الْإِنْجِيلَ ﴿وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ﴾ قَوَّيْنَاهُ ﴿بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ الْقُدْسِ بِسُكُونِ الدَّالِ وَالْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّهَا وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ مِثْلَ الرُّعُبِ وَالرُّعْبِ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي رُوحِ الْقُدُسِ، قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ وَغَيْرُهُ: أَرَادَ بِالرُّوحِ الَّذِي نُفِخَ فِيهِ، وَالْقُدُسُ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَضَافَهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ تَكْرِيمًا وَتَخْصِيصًا نَحْوَ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ، وَنَاقَةِ اللَّهِ، كَمَا قَالَ: "فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِنَا" (١٢-التَّحْرِيمِ) [وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ] (١) (١٧١-النِّسَاءِ) وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِالْقُدُسِ الطِّهَارَةَ، يَعْنِي الرُّوحَ الطَّاهِرَةَ سَمَّى رُوحَهُ قُدُسًا، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ تَتَضَمَّنْهُ أَصْلَابُ الْفُحُولَةِ وَلَمْ تَشْتَمِلْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْحَامُ الطَّوَامِثِ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَمْرًا مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَالسُّدِّيُّ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ قِيلَ: وُصِفَ جِبْرِيلُ بِالْقُدُسِ أَيْ بِالطَّهَارَةِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْتَرِفْ ذَنْبًا، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: الْقُدُسُ هُوَ اللَّهُ وَرُوحُهُ جِبْرِيلُ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "قُلْ نَزَّلَهُ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ مِنْ رَبِّكَ بِالْحَقِّ" (١٠٢-النَّحْلِ)

(١) زيادة من ب.