Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O Messenger of Allah.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “We do not know which of you have consented to this and which have not. Return until your representatives convey your decision to us.” So the people returned, and their representatives spoke with them. They then returned to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and informed him that they had willingly relinquished their shares and given their consent. (1)

Concerning the event of Hunayn, Allah, Most High, revealed:

“Allah has certainly granted you victory on many battlefields, and on the day of Hunayn, when your great numbers impressed you”—until you said, “Today we shall not be defeated because of small numbers”—“but they did not avail you at all.” That is, victory is not attained through numerical strength. “And the earth, vast as it was, became constricted for you,” meaning, despite all its expanse and breadth, “then you turned back in retreat,” fleeing in defeat.

“Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and sent down forces you did not see, and punished those who disbelieved. That is the recompense of the disbelievers.” 26

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Maghazi (The Book of Military Expeditions), chapter: “And on the Day of Hunayn ...” (Quran 9:25), 8:32-33.
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّا لَا نَدْرِي مَنْ أَذِنَ مِنْكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فَارْجِعُوا حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْنَا عُرَفَاؤُكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ، فَرَجَعَ النَّاسُ، فَكَلَّمَهُمْ عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ طَيَّبُوا وَأَذِنُوا (١) . فَأَنْزَلُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي قِصَّةِ حُنَيْنٍ: ﴿لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ﴾ حَتَّى قُلْتُمْ: لَنْ نُغْلَبَ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ قِلَّةٍ، ﴿فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ﴾ كَثْرَتُكُمْ، ﴿شَيْئًا﴾ يَعْنِي أَنَّ الظَّفَرَ لَا يَكُونُ بِالْكَثْرَةِ، ﴿وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ﴾ أَيَّ بِرَحَبِهَا وَسِعَتِهَا، ﴿ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ﴾ مُنْهَزِمِينَ. ﴿ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ٢٦﴾ .
(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب قوله تعالى: "ويوم حنين ... ": ٨ / ٣٢-٣٣.

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