Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/28)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

a single one of them without filling his eyes with dust from that handful. So they turned and fled, and Allah, exalted is He, defeated them. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then divided their spoils among the Muslims. (1)

Said ibn Jubayr said: “Allah Most High supported His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, with five thousand angels, marked for battle.” (2)

It is reported that a man from Banu Nadr named Shajarah said to the believers after the fighting: “Where were the piebald horses and the men dressed in white? We could scarcely see you among them—you were no more than a beauty mark—and we were killed only at their hands!” When they informed the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, of this, he said: “Those were the angels.”

Al-Zuhri said: “I was told that Shaybah ibn Uthman ibn Talhah (3) said: ‘On the day of Hunayn, I came up behind the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, intending to kill him in retaliation for Talhah ibn Uthman and Uthman ibn Talhah, who had both been killed on the day of Uhud. But Allah made His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, aware of what was in my heart. He turned toward me, struck my chest, and said, “I place you under Allah’s protection, O Shaybah.” My limbs began to tremble, and when I looked at him, he became dearer to me than my own hearing and sight. So I said, “I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah, and that Allah has made you aware of what was in my heart.”’”

When Allah defeated the polytheists and they fled, they went on until they reached Awtas, where their families and property were. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent a man from the Asharis named Abu Amir and appointed him commander of the Muslim army bound for Awtas. He marched against them, and they fought. Durayd ibn al-Simmah was killed, Allah defeated the polytheists, and the Muslims took their families captive. Their commander, Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri, escaped and went to Taif, where he fortified himself. His property and family were among those taken. Abu Amir, the commander of the Muslims, was killed. (4)

Al-Zuhri said: “Said ibn al-Musayyab informed me that on that day they took six thousand captives. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came to Taif and besieged them for the remainder of that month. When Dhu al-Qidah began—the sacred month—he withdrew from them. He then went to Jiranah, entered the state of ritual consecration there for an umrah, and distributed there the spoils of Hunayn and Awtas. He sought to win over certain men, among them Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, al-Harith ibn Hisham, Suhayl ibn Amr, and al-Aqra ibn Habis, and he gave them gifts.” (5)

(1) Recorded by Muslim in the previously cited place, no. 1777, 3:1402. (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Abi Hatim. Al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:161. (3) See Ibn Hisham, al-Sira, 2:444. (4) Ibn Hisham, al-Sira, 2:449, 453; Ibn Sad, al-Tabaqat, 2:151-152. (5) See al-Maqrizi, Imta al-Asma, 1:422-423.

اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنْسَانًا إِلَّا مَلَأَ عَيْنَهُ تُرَابًا بِتِلْكَ الْقَبْضَةِ، فَوَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ، فَهَزَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَنَائِمَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ (١) . قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: أَمَدَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مَسُوِّمِينَ (٢) . وَفِي الْخَبَرِ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي نَضَرٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ شَجَرَةُ، قَالَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعْدَ الْقِتَالِ: أَيْنَ الْخَيْلُ الْبُلْقُ وَالرِّجَالُ الَّذِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثِيَابٌ بِيضٌ، مَا كُنَّا نَرَاكُمْ فِيهِمْ إِلَّا كَهَيْئَةِ الشَّامَةِ وَمَا كُنَّا قُتِلْنَا إِلَّا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ؟ فَأَخْبَرُوا بِذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: تِلْكَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ شَيْبَةَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ (٣) قَالَ: اسْتَدْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ بِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، وَكَانَا قَدْ قُتِلَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَأَطَلَعَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ عَلَى مَا فِي نَفْسِي فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ وَضَرَبَ فِي صَدْرِي وَقَالَ: أُعِيذُكَ بِاللَّهِ يَا شَيْبَةُ، فَأَرْعَدَتْ فَرَائِصِي، فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ سَمْعِي وَبَصَرِي، فَقُلْتُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَطْلَعَكَ عَلَى مَا فِي نَفْسِي. فِلْمًا هَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَوَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ، انْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى أَتَوْا أَوَطَاسَ وَبِهَا عِيَالُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو عَامِرٍ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى جَيْشِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى أَوَطَاسَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، وَقُتِلَ دُرَيْدُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ، وَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَسَبَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِيَالَهُمْ، وَهَرَبَ أَمِيرُهُمْ مَالِكُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ النَّصْرِيُّ، فَأَتَى الطَّائِفَ فَتَحَصَّنَ بِهَا وَأُخِذَ مَالُهُ وَأَهْلُهُ فِيمَنْ أُخِذَ. وَقُتِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَبُو عَامِرٍ (٤) . قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّهُمْ أَصَابُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ سَبْيٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَى الطَّائِفَ فَحَاصَرَهُمْ بَقِيَّةَ ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ ذُو الْقِعْدَةِ وَهُوَ شَهْرٌ حَرَامٌ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ، فَأَتَى الْجِعْرَانَةَ فَأَحْرَمَ مِنْهَا بِعُمْرَةٍ وَقَسَّمَ فِيهَا غَنَائِمَ حُنَيْنٍ وَأَوْطَاسَ، وَتَأَلَّفَ أُنَاسًا، مِنْهُمْ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَالْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ (٥) .

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الموضع السابق، برقم (١٧٧٧) : ٣ / ١٤٠٢. (٢) عزاه السيوطي لابن أبي حاتم. الدر المنثور: ٤ / ١٦١. (٣) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ٤٤٤. (٤) سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ٤٤٩، ٤٥٣، طبقات ابن سعد: ٢ / ١٥١-١٥٢. (٥) انظر: إمتاع الأسماع للمقريزي: ١ / ٤٢٢-٤٢٣.