Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/27)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Shu'bah narrated from Abu Ishaq that al-Bara said: “Hawazin were a people skilled in archery. When we met them, we charged against them, and they fled. The Muslims then turned to the spoils, but they faced us with their arrows. As for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, he did not flee.”

Al-Kalbi said: “Three hundred Muslims remained around the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, while all the rest fled.”

Others said: “No one remained with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that day except al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, and Ayman ibn Umm Ayman, who was killed that day defending the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.”

Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan ⦗154/b⦘ narrated to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj said: Abu Tahir, Ahmad ibn Amr ibn Sarh, narrated to us; Abu Wahb narrated to us; Yunus informed us from Ibn Shihab, who said: Kathir ibn Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib narrated to me that Abbas said:

“I was present with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, on the day of Hunayn. Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith and I remained close to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and never left him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was on a white mule which Farwah ibn Nufathah al-Judhami had given him as a gift. When the Muslims and the disbelievers met, the Muslims turned and fled. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, began urging his mule toward the disbelievers, while I held its reins, restraining it lest it move too quickly, and Abu Sufyan held onto his stirrup.

“The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘O Abbas, call out to those who pledged beneath the acacia tree.’ Abbas, who had a powerful voice, said: ‘So I cried out at the top of my voice, “Where are those who pledged beneath the acacia tree?” By Allah, when they heard my voice, their response was like that of cows turning toward their calves. They cried, “At your service! At your service!” Then they fought the disbelievers. The call was taken up among the Ansar, who cried, “O company of the Ansar! O company of the Ansar!” Then the call became confined to Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj.

“The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, looked down from his mule, leaning forward to watch their fighting, and said, ‘Now the battle has become fierce.’ (1) Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, took some small pebbles and threw them at the faces of the disbelievers, saying, ‘They are defeated, by the Lord of Muhammad!’ I looked, and the battle appeared to me to be continuing as it had been. But by Allah, as soon as he threw the pebbles at them, I continued to see their strength weakened and their affair turning to retreat.” (2)

Salamah ibn al-Akwa said: “We went forth with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, to Hunayn. When they closed in upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, he dismounted from the mule, took a handful of earth, and cast it toward their faces, saying, ‘May their faces be disfigured!’ For He did not create

(1) This expression was heard only from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Al-watis is a pit dug in the ground in which a fire is kindled; its opening is made narrow, and a vent is made for the smoke. Meat is then placed in it and sealed up. The following day, the meat is found thoroughly roasted without having burned. It is used figuratively for the intensity of battle. (2) Recorded by Muslim in al-Jihad wa al-Siyar, chapter: “The Battle of Hunayn,” no. 1775, 3:1398-1399; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:31-32.

وَرَوَى شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: قَالَ الْبَرَاءُ: إِنَّ هَوَازِنَ كَانُوا قَوْمًا رُمَاةً، وَإِنَّا لَمَّا لَقِينَاهُمْ حَمَلَنَا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَانْهَزَمُوا، فَأَقْبَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى الْغَنَائِمِ فَاسْتَقْبَلُونَا بِالسِّهَامِ، فَأَمَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَفِرَّ. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: كَانَ حَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَانْهَزَمَ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: لَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ غَيْرُ: الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَأَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَيْمَنَ بْنِ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ، فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبَدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بن سفيان ١٥٤/ب حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ، أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَرْحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي كَثِيرُ بْنُ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ: شَهِدَتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَزِمْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ نُفَارِقْهُ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ لَهُ بَيْضَاءَ أَهْدَاهَا لَهُ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ نَفَّاثَةَ الْجُذَامِيُّ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْكُفَّارُ وَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ، فَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُرْكِضُ بَغْلَتَهُ قِبَلَ الْكُفَّارِ، وَأَنَا آخِذٌ بِلِجَامِ بَغْلَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَكُفُّهَا إِرَادَةَ أَنْ لَا تُسْرِعَ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ آخِذٌ بِرِكَابِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيْ عَبَّاسُ: نَادِ أَصْحَابَ السَّمُرَةِ، فَقَالَ عَبَّاسٌ -وَكَانَ رَجُلًا صَيِّتًا-فَقُلْتُ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِي: أَيْنَ أَصْحَابُ السَّمُرَةِ؟ قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ عَطْفَتَهُمْ حِينَ سَمِعُوا صَوْتِي عَطْفَةُ الْبَقَرِ عَلَى أَوْلَادِهَا، فَقَالُوا: يَا لَبَّيْكَ يَا لَبَّيْكَ، قَالَ: فَاقْتَتَلُوا وَالْكُفَّارَ، وَالدَّعْوَةُ فِي الْأَنْصَارِ يَقُولُونَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، ثُمَّ قَصُرَتِ الدَّعْوَةُ عَلَى بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ، فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى بَغْلَتِهِ كَالْمُتَطَاوِلِ عَلَيْهَا إِلَى قِتَالِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا حِينُ حَمِيَ الْوَطِيسُ (١) ثُمَّ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَصَيَاتٍ فَرَمَى بِهِنَّ وُجُوهَ الْكَفَّارِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْهَزَمُوا وَرَبِّ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَذَهَبْتُ أَنْظُرُ فَإِذَا الْقِتَالُ عَلَى هَيْئَتِهِ فِيمَا أَرَى، قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَمَاهُمْ بِحَصَيَاتِهِ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرَى حَدَّهُمْ كَلِيلًا وَأَمْرَهُمْ مُدْبِرًا (٢) . وَقَالَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُنَيْنًا قَالَ فَلَمَّا غَشُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ عَنِ الْبَغْلَةِ، ثُمَّ قَبَضَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابِ الْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَ بِهِ وُجُوهَهُمْ، فَقَالَ "شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوهُ"، فَمَا خَلَقَ

(١) لم تسمع هذه الكلمة إلا من رسول الله ﷺ. والوطيس: حفرة تحتفر تحت الأرض، فتوقد فيها النار، ويصغر رأسها، ويخرق فيها خرق للدخان، ثم يوضع فيها اللحم ويُسَدُّ، ثم يؤتى من الغد واللحم غاب لم يحترق. ولحمها شواء. وهي مجاز في شدة الحرب. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الجهاد والسير، باب في غزوة حنين، برقم (١٧٧٥) : ٣ / ١٣٩٨-١٣٩٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣١-٣٢.