Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/24)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Their Lord gives them glad tidings of mercy from Him, His good pleasure, and gardens in which they will have everlasting bliss, abiding therein forever. Surely with Allah is a tremendous reward.” (21–22)

“O you who believe, do not take your fathers and brothers as allies if they prefer disbelief to faith. Whoever among you takes them as allies—they are the wrongdoers.” (23)

His saying, exalted is He: “Those who believe, emigrate, and strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and their lives are greater in rank”—that is, in merit—“in the sight of Allah” than those who took pride in providing water for the pilgrims and maintaining the Sacred Mosque. “It is they who are the successful”: those saved from the Fire.

“O you who believe, do not take your fathers and brothers as allies.” Mujahid said: “This verse is connected to what precedes it. It was revealed concerning the story of al-Abbas and Talhah, and their refusal to emigrate.” (1)

Al-Kalbi narrated from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas, who said: When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, commanded the people to emigrate to Medina, some of them would be held back by their families and children, who would say: “We beseech you by Allah, do not abandon us.” Moved by tenderness toward them, he would remain with them and forgo emigration. So Allah, mighty and majestic, revealed this verse. (2)

Muqatil said: It was revealed concerning the nine who apostatized from Islam and went to Mecca. Allah therefore prohibited taking them as allies and revealed: “O you who believe, do not take your fathers and brothers as allies” (3)—as intimate confidants and friends, disclosing your secrets to them and preferring to remain with them rather than emigrate—“if they prefer,” that is, choose, “disbelief over faith. And whoever among you takes them as allies”

(1) Tafsir al-Tabari, 14:176. Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and Abu al-Shaykh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:157. (2) Al-Wahidi cited it in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 280. Ibn Hajar attributed it to al-Tha'labi through the narration of Juwaybir, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn Abbas. See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 74. (3) Ibn Hajar attributed it to al-Tha'labi. The previous reference.

﴿يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ (٢١) خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (٢٢) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (٢٣) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً﴾ فَضِيلَةً، ﴿عِنْدِ اللَّهِ﴾ مِنَ الَّذِينَ افْتَخَرُوا بِسِقَايَةِ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ. ﴿وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ﴾ النَّاجُونَ من النار. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مُتَّصِلَةٌ بِمَا قَبِلَهَا، نَزَلَتْ فِي قِصَّةِ الْعَبَّاسِ وَطَلْحَةَ وَامْتِنَاعِهِمَا مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ (١) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَ: لَمَّا أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ النَّاسَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَتَعَلَّقُ بِهِ أَهْلُهُ وَوَلَدُهُ، يَقُولُونَ: نَنْشُدُكَ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ لَا تُضَيِّعَنَا. فَيَرِقُّ لَهُمْ فَيُقِيمُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَدَعُ الْهِجْرَةَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي التِّسْعَةِ الَّذِينَ ارْتَدَوْا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَلَحِقُوا بِمَكَّةَ، فَنَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْ وِلَايَتِهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ (٣) بِطَانَةً وَأَصْدِقَاءَ فَتُفْشُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَسْرَارَكُمْ وَتُؤْثِرُونَ الْمَقَامَ مَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ، ﴿إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا﴾ اخْتَارُوا ﴿الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ﴾

(١) تفسير الطبري: ١٤ / ١٧٦. وعزاه السيوطي لابن أبي شيبة وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وأبي الشيخ. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ١٥٧. (٢) ذكره الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص (٢٨٠) ، وعزاه ابن حجر للثعلبي من رواية جويبر عن الضحاك عن ابن عباس. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٧٤) . (٣) عزاه ابن حجر للثعلبي. المرجع السابق.