Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/10)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “May I not be granted victory if I do not come to your aid!” He then made preparations to march upon Mecca in the eighth year after the Hijrah.

When the ninth year came, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wished to perform the pilgrimage, but then said, “The polytheists will be present, circling the House naked.” So, that year, he sent Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, as commander of the pilgrimage season, to lead the people in the Hajj. He sent with him forty verses from the opening of Surah Bara’ah, to recite to those present at the pilgrimage season. Then he sent after him Ali, may Allah ennoble his face, upon his she-camel al-Adba’, to recite the opening of Surah Bara’ah to the people. He commanded him to proclaim in Mecca, Mina, and Arafah that the covenantal protection of Allah and His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, had been withdrawn from every polytheist, and that no naked person was to circumambulate the House.

Abu Bakr returned and said, “O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you, has anything been revealed concerning me?” He replied, “No. But no one should convey this except a man from my household. Are you not pleased, O Abu Bakr, that you were with me in the cave and that you will be my companion at the Pool?” He said, “Indeed, O Messenger of Allah.”

Thus Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, proceeded as commander of the Hajj, while Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, went to proclaim Bara’ah. On the day before the Day of Tarwiyah, Abu Bakr addressed the people and instructed them concerning their pilgrimage rites, and he led them in the Hajj. That year, the Arabs continued to observe the practices of pilgrimage which they had followed in the pre-Islamic period. Then, on the Day of Sacrifice, Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah ennoble his face, stood and proclaimed among the people what he had been commanded to proclaim, and recited Surah Bara’ah to them. (1)

Zayd ibn Yuthayyi’ (2) said: We asked Ali, “With what were you sent during that pilgrimage?” He said, “I was sent with four proclamations: no naked person may circumambulate the House; whoever had a treaty with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would retain it until its appointed term; and whoever had no treaty would be granted a period of four”

(1) See: Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2:394-396, 545-546; Tafsir al-Tabari, 14:96-97. (2) Zayd ibn Yuthay', with a dammah on the ya'; it may also be rendered with a hamzah, followed by tha', then a silent ya', then 'ayn; al-Hamdani al-Kufi. He was trustworthy (thiqah) and a mukhadram, of the second generation. See al-Taqrib. In the original text, it appeared as "Tabi'."

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا نُصِرْتُ إِنْ لَمْ أَنْصُرْكُمْ"، وَتَجَهَّزَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ سَنَةُ تِسْعٍ أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَحُجَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ يَحْضُرُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَيَطُوفُونَ عُرَاةً، فَبَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تِلْكَ السَّنَةَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْمَوْسِمِ لِيُقِيمَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ بِأَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً مِنْ صَدْرِ بَرَاءَةَ لِيَقْرَأَهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوْسِمِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بَعْدَهُ عَلِيًّا، كَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَجْهَهُ، عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ الْعَضْبَاءِ لِيَقْرَأَ عَلَى النَّاسِ صَدْرَ بَرَاءَةَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ بِمَكَّةَ وَمِنًى وَعَرَفَةَ: أَنْ قَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ مِنْ كُلِّ مُشْرِكٍ، وَلَا يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ. فَرَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي أَنَزَلَ فِي شَأْنِي شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنْ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُبَلِّغَ هَذَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِي، أَمَا تَرْضَى يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنَّكَ كُنْتَ مَعِي فِي الْغَارِ وَأَنَّكَ صَاحِبِي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. فَسَارَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْحَجِّ، وَعَلِيٌّ ﵁ لِيُؤَذِّنَ بِبَرَاءَةَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ التَّرْوِيَةِ بِيَوْمٍ خَطَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّاسَ وَحَدَّثَهُمْ عَنْ مَنَاسِكِهِمْ، وَأَقَامَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ، وَالْعَرَبُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِنَ الْحَجِّ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ قَامَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ كَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَجْهَهُ، فَأَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالَّذِي أُمِرَ بِهِ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةَ بَرَاءَةَ (١) . وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ يُثَيْعٍ (٢) سَأَلْنَا عَلِيًّا بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ بُعِثْتَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةِ؟ قَالَ: بُعِثْتُ بِأَرْبَعٍ: لَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَهْدٌ فَهُوَ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَهْدٌ فَأَجَلُهُ أَرْبَعَةُ

(١) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ٣٩٤-٣٩٦، ٥٤٥-٥٤٦، تفسير الطبري: ١٤ / ٩٦-٩٧. (٢) زيد بن يُثَيْع - بضم التحتانية، وقد تبدل همزة، بعدها مثلثة ثم تحتانية ساكنة ثم مهملة، الهمداني الكوفي - ثقة، مخضرم - من الثانية (التقريب) وفي الأصل كانت "تبيع".