they were. This was then abrogated by His saying, Exalted is He: (1) “Blood relatives are more entitled to one another according to the Book of Allah.” Al-Ahzab, 6.

“As for those who have believed but have not emigrated, you have no share in their inheritance whatsoever until they emigrate.” Hamzah read wilāyatihim with the wāw pronounced with a kasrah, while the rest read it with a fathah; both readings have the same meaning, like dilālah and dalālah.

“Yet if they seek your help in matters of religion”—that is, if the believers who have not emigrated seek your help—“then you must help them, except against a people with whom you have a treaty”; that is, a covenant, so do not support them against such a people. “And Allah sees all that you do.”

“Those who disbelieve are allies of one another,” in mutual aid and support. Ibn ‘Abbas said: This refers to inheritance; that is, the idolaters inherit from one another. “Unless you do so, there will be tribulation in the land.” Ibn ‘Abbas said: Unless you observe, in matters of inheritance, what I have commanded you.

Ibn Jurayj said: Unless you assist and support one another.

Ibn Ishaq said: Allah made the Emigrants and the Helpers bound by religious allegiance, to the exclusion of all others, and He made the disbelievers allies of one another. He then said: “Unless you do so”—that is, if a believer takes a disbeliever as an ally instead of a believer—“there will be tribulation in the land and great corruption.” Tribulation in the land is the strength of disbelief, while great corruption is the weakness of Islam.

“Those who have believed, emigrated, and striven in the cause of Allah, as well as those who gave shelter and support—those are the true believers.” There is no doubt or uncertainty concerning their faith. It was said: They confirmed the truth of their faith through emigration, striving, and spending wealth for the sake of religion. “For them is forgiveness and a generous provision”—in Paradise.

If it is asked: What is the point of repeating this verse? The answer is that the Emigrants belonged to different ranks. Some were people of the first emigration: those who emigrated before al-Hudaybiyah. Others were people of the second emigration: those who emigrated after the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah and before the conquest of Mecca. Some undertook two migrations: the migration to Abyssinia and the migration to Medina. Thus, the first verse refers to the first emigration, and the second to the second emigration.

“And those who believed afterwards, emigrated, and striven alongside you—they too are among you. And blood relatives are more entitled to one another according to the Book of Allah. Indeed, Allah has perfect knowledge of all things. (75)”

His saying: “And those who believed afterwards, emigrated, and striven alongside you—they too are among you,” means: with you; that is, you—