Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/379)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

your sins. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” Al-‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Allah replaced it for me with twenty slaves, 151/b every one of whom engages in trade with substantial capital; even the least of them trades with twenty thousand dirhams—in place of the twenty ounces. He also gave me Zamzam, and I would not wish to exchange it for all the wealth of the people of Mecca. And I await forgiveness from my Lord, Exalted is He.” (1)

Allah the Exalted says: “If they intend to betray you”—that is, the captives—“then they had already betrayed Allah, so He gave you power over them” at Badr. “And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.” Ibn Jurayj said: By betrayal, He meant disbelief; that is, if they disbelieve in you, they had previously disbelieved in Allah, so He enabled the believers to overcome them at Badr, until they killed and captured them. This is a warning to them should they return to fighting and showing enmity toward the believers.

“Indeed, those who have believed, emigrated, and striven with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allah, and those who gave shelter and support—those are allies of one another. As for those who have believed but have not emigrated, you have no share in their inheritance whatsoever until they emigrate. Yet if they seek your help in matters of religion, then you must help them, except against a people with whom you have a treaty. And Allah sees all that you do. (72) Those who disbelieve are allies of one another. Unless you do so, there will be tribulation in the land and great corruption. (73) And those who have believed, emigrated, and striven in the cause of Allah, as well as those who gave shelter and support—those are the true believers. For them is forgiveness and a generous provision. (74)”

Allah the Exalted says: “Indeed, those who have believed and emigrated”—that is, they left their people and their homes; namely, the Emigrants—“and striven with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allah, and those who gave shelter” to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and to the Emigrants who were with him; that is, they housed them in their homes—“and supported”—that is, they supported them against their enemies; these were the Helpers, may Allah be pleased with them—“those are allies of one another,” rather than their relatives who were disbelievers.

It was said that this refers to mutual aid and support. Ibn ‘Abbas said that it refers to inheritance: they used to inherit by virtue of emigration. Thus, the Emigrants and the Helpers inherited from one another rather than from blood relatives. Whoever believed but did not emigrate would not inherit from his emigrant relative, until the conquest of Mecca took place and emigration ceased. Thereafter, they inherited through kinship, wherever

(1) Omitted in manuscript B. (2) Recorded by al-Wahidi in Asbab al-Nuzul, on the authority of al-Kalbi, p. 276; al-Tabari, 14/73; and al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 3/324, on the authority of Aishah. Al-Hakim said: “Sound according to the criteria of Muslim, though neither of the two [al-Bukhari and Muslim] recorded it.” Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 7/28: “Al-Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat and al-Kabir in an abbreviated form. The narrators of al-Awsat are those of the Sahih, except Ibn Ishaq, who explicitly stated that he heard it; part of it is found in the Sahih.” See also al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 71.

ذُنُوبَكُمْ ﴿وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ ﵁] (١) فَأَبْدَلَنِي اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عشرين عبدا ١٥١/ب كُلُّهُمْ تَاجِرٌ يَضْرِبُ بِمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ وَأَدْنَاهُمْ يَضْرِبُ بِعِشْرِينَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ مَكَانَ عِشْرِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَأَعْطَانِي زَمْزَمَ وَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِي بِهَا جَمِيعَ أَمْوَالِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، وَأَنَا أَنْتَظِرُ الْمَغْفِرَةَ مِنْ رَبِّي ﷿ (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا خِيَانَتَكَ﴾ يَعْنِي الْأَسَارَى، ﴿فَقَدْ خَانُوا اللَّهَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَأَمْكَنَ مِنْهُمْ﴾ بِبَدْرٍ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَرَادَ بِالْخِيَانَةِ الْكُفْرَ، أَيْ: إِنْ كَفَرُوا بِكَ فَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَأَمْكَنُ مِنْهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِبَدْرٍ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ وَأَسَرُوهُمْ، وَهَذَا تَهْدِيدٌ لَهُمْ إِنْ عَادُوا إِلَى قِتَالِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمُعَادَاتِهِمْ. ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوا مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ وَلَايَتِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا وَإِنِ اسْتَنْصَرُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ النَّصْرُ إِلَّا عَلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (٧٢) وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ إِلَّا تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ (٧٣) وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ (٧٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا﴾ أَيْ: هَجَرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ وَدِيَارَهُمْ، يَعْنِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ. ﴿وَجَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا﴾ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ مَعَهُ، أَيْ: أَسْكَنُوهُمْ مَنَازِلَهُمْ، ﴿وَنَصَرُوا﴾ أَيْ: وَنَصَرُوهُمْ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِمْ وَهُمُ الْأَنْصَارُ ﵃، ﴿أُولَئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ﴾ دُونَ أَقْرِبَائِهِمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ. قِيلَ: فِي الْعَوْنِ وَالنُّصْرَةِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَكَانُوا يَتَوَارَثُونَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ، فَكَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ، وَكَانَ مَنْ آمَنَ وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرْ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْ قَرِيبِهِ الْمُهَاجِرِ حَتَّى كَانَ فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ وَانْقَطَعَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ، وَتَوَارَثُوا بِالْأَرْحَامِ حَيْثُ

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) أخرجه الواحدي في أسباب النزول عن الكلبي ص (٢٧٦) ، والطبري: ١٤ / ٧٣، والحاكم في المستدرك: ٣ / ٣٢٤ عن عائشة وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم، ولم يخرجاه، قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٢٨: "رواه الطبراني في الأوسط والكبير باختصار، ورجال الأوسط رجال الصحيح غير ابن إسحاق وقد صرح بالسماع وفي الصحيح بعضه" وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٧١) .