Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/374)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

you find them.” (Barāʾah, 5). “And put your trust in Allah”—that is, place your reliance upon Him—“for indeed, He is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing.”

“And if they intend to deceive you,” that is, to betray and plot against you. Mujahid said: This refers to Banu Qurayzah. “Then indeed Allah is sufficient for you,” meaning, Allah is enough for you. “It is He who supported you with His help and with the believers,” that is, with the Ansar.

“And joined their hearts together,” that is, the hearts of the Aws and the Khazraj. There had been grudges and vendettas between them in the age of ignorance, but Allah made them brothers after they had been enemies: “Had you spent all that is in the earth, you could not have joined their hearts together; but Allah joined them together. Indeed, He is Almighty, All-Wise.”

His saying, Exalted is He: “O Prophet, Allah is sufficient for you and for the believers who follow you.” Saʿid ibn Jubayr said: Thirty-three men and six women embraced Islam along with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Then Umar ibn al-Khattab embraced Islam, completing forty, and this verse was revealed. (1)

They differed concerning the grammatical position of “those who.” Most exegetes held that it is in the genitive, coordinated with the pronoun in His saying, “Allah is sufficient for you”; thus, Allah is sufficient for you and sufficient for those who follow you. Others held that it is in the nominative, coordinated with the name of Allah, meaning: Allah and your followers from among the believers are sufficient for you.

“O Prophet, urge the believers to fight. If there are twenty steadfast men among you, they will overcome two hundred; and if there are one hundred among you, they will overcome one thousand of those who disbelieve, because they are a people who do not understand. (65) Now Allah has lightened your burden, for He knows that there is weakness in you. So, if there are one hundred steadfast men among you, they will overcome two hundred; and if there are one thousand among you, they will overcome two thousand by Allah’s permission. And Allah is with the steadfast. (66) It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land. You seek the fleeting gains of this world, while Allah desires the Hereafter. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. (67)”

His saying, Exalted is He: “O Prophet, urge the believers to fight,” means: encourage them to fight.

(1) See: Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 273.

وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ" "بَرَاءَةٌ -٥" ﴿وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ﴾ ! ثُمَّ بِاللَّهِ، ﴿إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ ﴿وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوكَ﴾ يَغْدِرُوا وَيَمْكُرُوا بِكَ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يَعْنِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ. ﴿فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ﴾ كَافِيكَ اللَّهُ، ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ أَيْ: بِالْأَنْصَارِ. ﴿وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ، كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ إِحَنٌ وَثَارَاتٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَصَيَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ إِخْوَانًا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانُوا أَعْدَاءً، ﴿لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: أَسْلَمَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا وَسِتُّ نِسْوَةٍ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَتَمَّ بِهِ الْأَرْبَعُونَ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (١) . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَحَلِّ "مَنِ" فَقَالَ أَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ مَحَلُّهُ خَفْضٌ، عَطْفًا عَلَى الْكَافِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ" وَحَسْبُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هُوَ رَفْعٌ عَطْفًا عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ مَعْنَاهُ: حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ وَمُتَّبِعُوكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ (٦٥) الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أَلْفٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفَيْنِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ (٦٦) مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (٦٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ﴾ أَيْ: حُثَّهُمْ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ.

(١) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٧٣) .