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“And if they intend to deceive you, then indeed Allah is sufficient for you. It is He who supported you with His help and with the believers, and joined their hearts together. Had you spent all that is in the earth, you could not have joined their hearts together; but Allah joined them together. Indeed, He is Almighty, All-Wise. O Prophet, Allah is sufficient for you and for the believers who follow you.” (62–64)
His saying, Exalted is He, “And if they incline toward peace,” means: if they incline toward reconciliation. “Then incline toward it as well” means: accept it and make peace with them. It is narrated from Qatadah and al-Hasan that this verse has been abrogated (1) by His saying, Exalted is He: “Then kill the polytheists wherever
(1) Al-Tabari, Tafsir, 10:34 (Halabi edition). He then said of it: “It is a view for which there is no evidence in the Book, the Sunnah, or sound natural reason. Elsewhere in this work, al-Tafsir, and in other works, we have demonstrated that abrogation occurs only when the ruling of the abrogated text is negated in every respect. Anything otherwise is not abrogating. Allah's statement in Bara'ah, ‘Kill the polytheists wherever you find them,’ does not negate the ruling of His statement, ‘If they incline to peace, then incline to it,’ because the words, ‘If they incline to peace,’ refer specifically to Banu Qurayzah, who were Jews, People of the Book. Allah, exalted be His praise, permitted the believers to make peace with the People of the Book and to cease hostilities against them in exchange for receiving the jizyah from them. As for His statement, ‘Kill the polytheists wherever you find them,’ it refers specifically to the Arab polytheists who worshipped idols, from whom it is not permissible to accept the jizyah. Thus, neither verse negates the ruling of the other; rather, each remains definitive and applicable within the context for which it was revealed.”
﴿وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٦٢) وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (٦٣) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٦٤) ﴾
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ﴾ أَيْ: مَالُوا إِلَى الصُّلْحِ، ﴿فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا﴾ أَيْ: مِلْ إِلَيْهَا وَصَالِحْهُمْ. رُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَالْحَسَنِ: أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ (١) بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ
(١) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ١٠ / ٣٤ (طبع الحلبي) ثم قال عنه إنه "قول لا دلالة عليه من كتاب ولا سنة ولا فطرة عقل، وقد دللنا في غير موضع من كتابنا هذا - التفسير - وغيره، وعلى أن الناسخ لا يكون إلا ما نفى حكم المنسوخ من كل وجه، فأما ما كان بخلاف ذلك فغير كائن ناسخا، وقول الله في براءة "فاقتلوا المشركين حيث وجدتموهم" غير ناف حكمه حكم قوله: "وإن جنحوا للسلم فاجنح لها" لأن قوله: "وإن جنحوا للسلم" إنما عني به بنو قريظة، وكانوا يهودا أهل كتاب، وقد أذن الله جل ثناؤه للمؤمنين بصلح أهل الكتاب، ومتاركتهم الحرب، على أخذ الجزية منهم. وأما قوله: "فاقتلوا المشركين حيث وجدتموهم" فإنما عني به مشركي العرب من عبدة الأوثان الذين لا يجوز قبول الجزية منهم، فليس في إحدى الآيتين نفي حكم الأخرى. بل كل واحدة منهما محكمة فيما أنزلت فيه".