Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/373)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus‘ab informed us from Malik, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“Horses are of three kinds: for one man they are a source of reward, for another a means of protection, and for another a source of sin. As for the one for whom they are a source of reward, he is a man who keeps a horse in the way of Allah, tethering it on a long rope in a meadow or garden. Whatever it consumes within the reach of its tether in that meadow or garden is recorded for him as good deeds. Even if it breaks its tether and gallops over one or two rises, its hoofprints and droppings are recorded for him as good deeds. And even if it passes by a river and drinks from it, although he had not intended to water it, that too is recorded for him as good deeds. Thus, it is a source of reward for that man.

“As for the one for whom it is a means of protection, he is a man who keeps it for self-sufficiency and independence, yet does not neglect Allah’s due concerning its back or neck; thus, it is a means of protection for him. As for the one for whom it is a source of sin, he is a man who keeps it out of pride, ostentation, and hostility toward the people of Islam; thus, it is a source of sin for him.”

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was asked about donkeys, and he said: “Nothing has been revealed to me concerning them except this comprehensive and unique verse: ‘So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.’” (1)

“By which you strike fear” means: by which you frighten “the enemy of Allah and your enemy, and others besides them”—that is, you also frighten others—“whom you do not know; Allah knows them.” Mujahid, Muqatil, and Qatadah said: “They are Banu Qurayzah.” Al-Suddi said: “They are the people of Persia.” Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd said: “They are the hypocrites, whom you do not know because they are among you, saying, ‘There is no god but Allah.’” It was also said: “They are the disbelieving jinn.”

“And whatever you spend in the way of Allah will be repaid to you”: its reward will be paid to you in full. “And you will not be wronged”: your rewards will not be diminished.

“And if they incline toward peace, then incline toward it as well, and place your trust in Allah. Indeed, He is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (61)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter: “Horses are for three purposes...,” 6:63-64; also in al-Shurb, al-Anbiya, al-Tafsir, and al-I'tisam. Reported by Muslim in al-Zakah, in a longer version, chapter on the sin of one who withholds zakah, no. 987, 2:680-682; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:24.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "الْخَيْلُ ثَلَاثَةٌ: لِرَجُلٍ أَجْرٌ، وَلِرَجُلٍ سِتْرٌ، وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ وِزْرٌ، فَأَمَّا الَّتِي هِيَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَأَطَالَ لَهَا فِي مَرْجٍ أَوْ رَوْضَةٍ فَمَا أَصَابَتْ فِي طِيلِهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَرْجِ أَوِ الرَّوْضَةِ كَانَ لَهُ حَسَنَاتٍ، وَلَوْ أَنَّهَا قَطَعَتْ طِيلَهَا ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَنَّتْ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ، كَانَتْ آثَارُهَا وَأَرْوَاثُهَا حَسَنَاتٍ لَهُ، وَلَوْ أَنَّهَا مَرَّتْ بِنَهْرٍ فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ، وَلَمْ يُرِدْ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ حَسَنَاتٍ، فَهِيَ لِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ أَجْرٌ، وَأَمَّا الَّتِي هِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ: فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا تَغَنِّيًا وَتَعَفُّفًا، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْسَ حَقَّ اللَّهِ فِي ظُهُورِهَا وَلَا رِقَابِهَا، فَهِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ، وَأَمَّا الَّتِي هِيَ لَهُ وِزْرٌ: فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فَخْرًا وَرِيَاءً، وَنِوَاءً لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَهِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وِزْرٌ" وَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْحُمُرِ فَقَالَ: "مَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْجَامِعَةُ الْفَاذَّةُ: "فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ، وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ" (١) ﴿تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ﴾ تُخَوِّفُونَ ﴿عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ وَآخَرِينَ﴾ أَيْ: وَتُرْهِبُونَ آخَرِينَ، ﴿مِنْ دُونِهِمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمُ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُهُمْ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَقَتَادَةُ: هُمْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ. وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: هُمْ أَهْلُ فَارِسٍ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ: هُمُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمْ، لِأَنَّهُمْ مَعَكُمْ يَقُولُونَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقِيلَ: هُمْ كُفَّارُ الْجِنِّ. ﴿وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ﴾ يُوَفَّى لَكُمْ أَجْرُهُ، ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ﴾ لَا تَنْقُصُ أُجُورُكُمْ. ﴿وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (٦١) ﴾

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب الخيل لثلاثة. . .: ٦ / ٦٣ - ٦٤، وفي الشرب والأنبياء والتفسير والاعتصام، ومسلم في الزكاة بأطول من هذا - باب إثم مانع الزكاة (٩٨٧) : ٢ / ٦٨٠ - ٦٨٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ٢٤.