Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/371)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

it with the letter tā’ understands it as an address to the Prophet. Ibn ‘Amir recited, “Indeed, they cannot escape,” with the hamzah vowelled fatḥah, meaning: because they cannot escape Me or evade Me. The others recited it with the hamzah vowelled kasrah, as the beginning of a new sentence.

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “And prepare against them whatever force you can”: preparation means making something ready for the time of need. “Whatever force you can” means the means that will give you strength against them, such as horses and weapons.

Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Qahir informed us; ‘Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan narrated to us from Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj; Harun ibn Ma‘ruf narrated to us; Ibn Wahb narrated to us; ‘Amr ibn al-Harith informed me from Abu ‘Ali, Thumamah ibn Shufayy, that he heard ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Amir say: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say while he was on the pulpit: “And prepare against them whatever force you can. Indeed, force is archery. Indeed, force is archery. Indeed, force is archery.” (1)

Through this same chain, he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “The Romans will be opened to you, and Allah will suffice you. So let none of you be unable to amuse himself with his arrows.” (2)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Abu Nu‘aym narrated to us; ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ghasil narrated to us from Hamzah ibn Abi Usayd, from his father, who said: On the Day of Badr, when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, arrayed us against Quraysh and they arrayed themselves against us, he said: “When they come upon you in large numbers, then use arrows against them.” (3)

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sam‘an informed us; Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar al-Rayani narrated to us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh narrated to us; ‘Abd al-Samad ibn ‘Abd al-Warith narrated to us; Hisham al-Dastawa’i narrated to us from Qatadah, from Salim ibn Abi al-Ja‘d, from Ma‘dan ibn Abi Talhah, from Abu Najih al-Sulami, who said: We laid siege to al-Ta’if alongside the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and I heard him say: “Whoever sends an arrow in the way of Allah will have a rank in Paradise for it.” He said: That day, I shot sixteen arrows. And I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “Whoever shoots an arrow in the way of Allah, it is equivalent to freeing a slave.” (4)

(1) Reported by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter on the virtue of archery, no. 1917, 3:1522. (2) Reported by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter on the virtue of archery, no. 1917, 3:1522. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter on exhorting others to archery, 6:91; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:61. (4) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Itq, chapter on which slaves are best, 5:425; al-Tirmidhi in Fada'il al-Jihad, chapter on the reports concerning the virtue of archery, 5:267-268, who said: “This hadith is sound and authentic”; al-Nasa'i in al-Jihad, chapter on the virtue of one who shoots an arrow, 6:27; al-Hakim, 2:121, who said: “This hadith is authentic according to the criteria of the two shaykhs,” and al-Dhahabi agreed with him; Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 4:386; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:383.

بِالتَّاءِ فَعَلَى الْخِطَابِ. قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ: ﴿أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُعْجِزُونَ﴾ بِفَتْحِ الْأَلِفِ، أَيْ: لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُعْجِزُونَ، وَلَا يَفُوتُونَنِي. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِكَسْرِ الْأَلِفِ عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ﴾ الْإِعْدَادُ: اتِّخَاذُ الشَّيْءِ لِوَقْتِ الْحَاجَةِ. ﴿مِنْ قُوَّةٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنَ الْآلَاتِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ لَكُمْ قُوَّةً عَلَيْهِمْ من الخيل والسلاك. أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ ثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ ثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ، ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ شُفَى أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: "وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ أَلَا إِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْيُ، أَلَا إِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْيُ، أَلَا إِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْيُ" (١) . وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ "سَتُفْتَحُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرُّومُ وَيَكْفِيكُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿ فَلَا يَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَلْهُوَ بِأَسْهُمِهِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْغَسِيلِ، عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ حِينَ صَفَفَنَا لِقُرَيْشٍ وَصَفُّوا لَنَا: "إِذَا أَكْثَبُوكُمْ فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَّانَيُّ، ثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، ثَنَا هِشَامُ الدَّسْتَوَائِيُّ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ عَنْ مَعْدَانَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنْ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ السُّلَمِيِّ قَالَ: حَاصَرْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الطَّائِفَ فَسَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ بَلَغَ بِسَهْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ دَرَجَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ"، قَالَ: فَبَلَغْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا. وَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ رَمَى بِسَهْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ عِدْلُ مُحَرَّرٍ" (٤) .

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الإمارة، باب فضل الرمي، برقم (١٩١٧) : ٣ / ١٥٢٢. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإمارة، باب فضل الرمي، برقم (١٩١٧) : ٣ / ١٥٢٢. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب التحريض على الرمي: ٦ / ٩١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٦١. (٤) أخرجه أبو داود في العتق، باب أي الرقاب أفضل: ٥ / ٤٢٥، والترمذي في فضائل الجهاد، باب ما جاء في فضل الرمي: ٥ / ٢٦٧ - ٢٦٨، وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح، والنسائي في الجهاد، باب فضل من رمى بسهم: ٦ / ٢٧، والحاكم: ٢ / ١٢١، وقال: هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين، ووافقه الذهبي، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٤ / ٣٨٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٣٨٣.