Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/368)

“That is because Allah would never change a blessing He has bestowed upon a people until they change what is within themselves. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (53) Like the way of Pharaoh’s people and those before them: they denied the signs of their Lord, so We destroyed them for their sins, drowned Pharaoh’s people, and all of them were wrongdoers. (54)”

“That”: that is, that beating which befell you. “For what your hands have sent forth”: that is, for what your hands have earned. “And Allah is not ever unjust to His servants.”

“Like the way of Pharaoh’s people”: like the deeds, conduct, and custom of Pharaoh’s people. Its meaning is that the conduct of these people in their disbelief was like the conduct of Pharaoh’s people. Ibn ‘Abbas said: Pharaoh’s people became certain that Moses was a prophet from Allah, yet they denied him. Likewise, Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, came to these people with the truth, yet they denied him; so Allah sent down upon them a punishment just as He sent it down upon Pharaoh’s people. 150/a “And those before them”: that is, “They disbelieved in Allah’s signs, so Allah seized them for their sins. Indeed, Allah is All-Strong, severe in punishment.”

“That is because Allah would never change a blessing He has bestowed upon a people until they change what is within themselves”: that is, Allah Most High does not change the blessings He has bestowed upon a people until they themselves change what is within them through ingratitude and by abandoning thankfulness. When they do so, Allah changes their condition and strips them of the blessing.

﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُ مُغَيِّرًا نِعْمَةً أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (٥٣) كَدَأْبِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَكُلٌّ كَانُوا ظَالِمِينَ (٥٤) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ أَيْ: ذَلِكَ الضَّرْبُ الَّذِي وَقَعَ بِكُمْ، ﴿بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيَكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ، ﴿وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ﴾ ﴿كَدَأْبِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ﴾ كَفِعْلِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَصَنِيعِهِمْ وَعَادَتِهِمْ، مَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّ عَادَةَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي كُفْرِهِمْ كَعَادَةِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُوَ أَنَّ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَيْقَنُوا أَنَّ مُوسَى نَبِيٌّ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَكَذَّبُوهُ، كَذَلِكَ هَؤُلَاءِ جَاءَهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ بِالصِّدْقِ فَكَذَّبُوهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عُقُوبَةً كَمَا أَنْزَلَ بآل فرعون. ١٥٠/أ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: ﴿كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُ مُغَيِّرًا نِعْمَةً أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ أَرَادَ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا أَنْعَمَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا هُمْ مَا بِهِمْ، بِالْكُفْرَانِ وَتَرْكِ الشُّكْرِ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ غَيَّرَ اللَّهُ مَا بِهِمْ، فَسَلَبَهُمُ النِّعْمَةَ.