Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/367)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Kalbi said: He feared that Jibril, peace be upon him, would seize him and expose his true state, so that they would no longer obey him.

It was also said that its meaning is: “I fear Allah”—that is, I know that His promise to His close servants is true, for he was certain of what would come to pass.

“And Allah is severe in punishment.” It was also said that its meaning is: “I fear Allah concerning you, and Allah is severe in punishment.” Another view is that the statement ends with his words, “I fear Allah,” after which Allah Himself says: “And Allah is severe in punishment.”

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us from Malik, from Ibrahim ibn Abi 'Ulayyah, from Talhah ibn 'Ubayd Allah ibn Kurayz, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Satan is not seen on any day smaller, more driven away, more contemptible, or more enraged than on the Day of 'Arafah. This is only because of what he sees of mercy descending and of Allah Most High pardoning grave sins—except for what occurred on the day of Badr.” It was asked, “And what did he see on the day of Badr?” He said: “Indeed, he saw Jibril, peace be upon him, marshalling the angels.” This is a mursal hadith. (1)

“When the hypocrites and those with sickness in their hearts said, ‘Their religion has deceived these people.’ Yet whoever puts his trust in Allah, Allah is Almighty and Wise. (49) If only you could see when the angels take the souls of those who disbelieve, striking them on their faces and backs: ‘Taste the punishment of the Blazing Fire!’ (50)”

Allah Most High says: “When the hypocrites and those with sickness in their hearts said”—that is, sickness of doubt and hypocrisy—“Their religion has deceived these people”; meaning, their religion has deceived the believers. These were people in Mecca who had embraced Islam and were oppressed; their relatives prevented them from emigrating. When Quraysh marched out to Badr, they forced them to go out with them. When they saw how few the Muslims were, they fell into doubt and apostatized, saying, “Their religion has deceived these people.” They were all killed. Among them were Qays ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah; Abu Qays ibn al-Fakih ibn al-Mughirah, both of the Makhzum clan; al-Harith ibn Zam'ah ibn al-Aswad ibn al-Muttalib; 'Ali ibn Umayyah ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi; and al-'As ibn Munabbih ibn al-Hajjaj.

Allah Most High says: “Whoever puts his trust in Allah”—that is, whoever entrusts his affair to Allah and relies upon Him—“then Allah is Almighty,” powerful, doing to His enemies whatever He wills, “Wise.”

“And if only you could see,” O Muhammad, “when the angels take the souls of those who disbelieve, striking”—that is, taking—their souls. There is disagreement regarding this. It was said that this occurs at death, when the angels strike the faces and backs of the disbelievers with whips of fire.

(1) It was transmitted in mursal form by Imam Malik in al-Muwatta, Book of Hajj, chapter “General Matters of Hajj,” 1:422; by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 5:17-18; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 7:158.

وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: خَافَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ وَيَعْرِفَ حَالَهُ فَلَا يُطِيعُوهُ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ أَيْ أَعْلَمُ صِدْقَ وَعْدِهِ لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَى ثِقَةٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ. ﴿وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ. وَقِيلَ: انْقَطَعَ الْكَلَامُ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ أَخَافُ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كُرَيْزٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قال: "ما رؤي الشَّيْطَانُ يَوْمًا هُوَ فِيهِ أَصْغَرُ وَلَا أَدْحَرُ وَلَا أَحْقَرُ وَلَا أَغْيَظُ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، وَمَا ذَاكَ إِلَّا لِمَا يَرَى مِنْ تَنَزُّلِ الرَّحْمَةِ وَتَجَاوُزِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَنِ الذُّنُوبِ الْعِظَامِ، إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ"، فَقِيلَ: وَمَا رَأَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ؟ قَالَ: "أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ رَأَى جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ وَهُوَ يَزَعُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ". هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ (١) . ﴿إِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ غَرَّ هَؤُلَاءِ دِينُهُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (٤٩) وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ وَذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ (٥٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ﴾ شَكٌّ وَنِفَاقٌ، ﴿غَرَّ هَؤُلَاءِ دِينُهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: غَرَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ دِينُهُمْ، هَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ كَانُوا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِمَكَّةَ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا، وَحَبَسَهُمْ أَقْرِبَاؤُهُمْ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، أَخْرَجُوهُمْ كُرْهًا، فَلَمَّا نَظَرُوا إِلَى قِلَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ارْتَابُوا وَارْتَدُّوا، وَقَالُوا: غَرَّ هَؤُلَاءِ دِينُهُمْ، فَقُتِلُوا جَمِيعًا، مِنْهُمْ: قَيْسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَأَبُو قَيْسِ بْنُ الْفَاكِهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْمَخْزُومِيَّانِ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفِ الْجُمَحِيُّ، وَالْعَاصُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: وَمَنْ يُسَلِّمُ أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَيَثِقُ بِهِ، ﴿فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ﴾ قَوِيٌّ يَفْعَلُ بِأَعْدَائِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ، ﴿حَكِيمٌ﴾ ﴿وَلَوْ تَرَى﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، ﴿إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ﴾ أَيْ: يَقْبِضُونَ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ. اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ، قِيلَ: هَذَا عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، تَضْرِبُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وُجُوهَ الْكُفَّارِ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ بِسِيَاطِ النَّارِ.

(١) أخرجه مرسلا" الإمام مالك في الموطأ، كتاب الحج، باب جامع الحج: ١ / ٤٢٢، وعبد الرزاق في المصنف: ٥ / ١٧ - ١٨ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ١٥٨.