Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/365)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Among this is the Prophet’s saying, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “I was granted victory by the east wind, and ‘Ad were destroyed by the west wind.” (1)

Al-Nu‘man ibn Muqarrin said: “I accompanied the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and if he did not fight at the beginning of the day, he would wait until the sun had passed its zenith, the winds began to blow, and victory descended.” (2)

Allah Most High says: “And be patient. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.” ‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Na‘imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Amr narrated to us; Abu Ishaq narrated to us, from Musa ibn ‘Uqbah, from Salim Abu al-Nadr, the freedman and scribe of ‘Umar ibn ‘Ubayd Allah, who said: ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Awfa wrote to him, and I read the letter: “On one of the days when the Messenger ⦗149/b⦘ of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, encountered the enemy, he waited until the sun had declined. Then he stood among the people and said: ‘O people, do not wish to meet the enemy; rather, ask Allah for safety. But when you meet them, remain steadfast, and know that Paradise lies beneath the shades of swords.’ Then he said: ‘O Allah, Revealer of the Book, Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of the confederates, defeat them and grant us victory over them.’” (3)

“And do not be like those who came forth from their homes insolently and to be seen by people, hindering others from the way of Allah. And Allah encompasses all that they do. (47) And when Satan made their deeds seem pleasing to them and said, ‘No one among the people can overcome you today, and I am your protector.’ But when the two forces came in sight of one another, he turned on his heels and said, ‘I am free of you. I see what you do not see. I fear Allah, and Allah is severe in punishment.’” (48)

Allah Most High says: “And do not be like those who came forth from their homes insolently”—out of pride and arrogance—“and to be seen by people.” Al-Zajjaj said: Insolence is to behave arrogantly amid blessings and to neglect giving thanks for them; ostentation is to display what is good in order to be seen, while concealing what is ugly. “Hindering others from the way of Allah. And Allah encompasses all that they do.” This was revealed concerning the idolaters when they came to Badr, and they had

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Istisqa (Prayer for Rain), chapter: “The Prophet’s saying: ‘I was granted victory by the east wind,’” 2:520; also in Kitab Bad al-Khalq (Beginning of Creation) and Kitab al-Anbiya (the Prophets). Muslim recorded it in Kitab al-Istisqa, chapter on the east and west winds, no. 900, 2:617. The author also recorded it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:387. (2) Recorded by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Jihad, chapter: “At what time is engagement recommended?” 4:7; al-Tirmidhi in Kitab al-Siyar, chapter on the time at which fighting is recommended, 5:238, where he said: “A sound, authentic hadith”; al-Hakim, 2:116, who authenticated it according to Muslim’s criteria, and al-Dhahabi concurred; and Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 5:444-445. Al-Mundhiri, in Mukhtasar al-Sunan, attributed it to al-Nasai. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Jihad, chapter: “When the Prophet did not fight at the beginning of the day . . .,” 6:130; Muslim in Kitab al-Jihad wa al-Siyar, chapter on the dislike of wishing to meet the enemy, no. 1742, 3:1362; and the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:38-39.

وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: "نُصِرْتُ بِالصَّبَا وَأُهْلِكَتْ عَادٌ بِالدَّبُّورِ" (١) . وَعَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ إِذَا لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ وَتَهُبَّ الرِّيَاحُ وَيَنْزِلَ النَّصْرُ (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاصْبِرُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَكَانَ كَاتِبًا لَهُ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي أَوْفَى فَقَرَأْتُهُ أن رسول ١٤٩/ب اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ أَيَّامِهِ الَّتِي لَقِيَ فِيهَا الْعَدُوَّ، انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى مَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فِي النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا تَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ وَسَلُوا اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ، فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوفِ"، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ مُنَزِّلَ الْكِتَابِ وَمُجْرِيَ السَّحَابِ وَهَازِمَ الْأَحْزَابِ اهْزِمْهُمْ وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ" (٣) . ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بَطَرًا وَرِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ (٤٧) وَإِذْ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَقَالَ لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٌ لَكُمْ فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَتِ الْفِئَتَانِ نَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ وَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكُمْ إِنِّي أَرَى مَا لَا تَرَوْنَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ وَاللَّهُ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (٤٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بَطَرًا﴾ فَخْرًا وَأَشَرًا، ﴿وَرِئَاءَ النَّاسِ﴾ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: الْبَطَرُ الطُّغْيَانُ فِي النِّعْمَةِ وَتَرْكُ شُكْرِهَا، وَالرِّيَاءُ: إِظْهَارُ الْجَمِيلِ لِيُرَى وَإِبْطَانُ الْقَبِيحِ، ﴿وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ حِينَ أَقْبَلُوا إِلَى بَدْرٍ وَلَهُمْ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الاستسقاء، باب قول النبي ﷺ: نصرت بالصبا: ٢ / ٥٢٠، وفي بدء الخلق، والأنبياء، ومسلم في الاستسقاء، باب في ريح الصبا والدَّبُور برقم (٩٠٠) : ٢ / ٦١٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٣٨٧. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الجهاد، باب في أي وقت يستحب اللقاء؟: ٤ / ٧، والترمذي في السير، باب ما جاء في الساعة التي يستحب فيها القتال: ٥ / ٢٣٨، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح، والحاكم: ٢ / ١١٦، وصححه على شرط مسلم، ووافقه الذهبي، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٥ / ٤٤٤ - ٤٤٥، وعزاه المنذري في مختصر السنن للنسائي. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب كان النبي ﷺ إذا لم يقاتل أول النهار. . . ٦ / ١٣٠، ومسلم في الجهاد والسير، باب كراهية تمني لقاء العدو (١٧٤٢) ٣ / ١٣٦٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٨ - ٣٩.