Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/356)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. All of them were from Quraysh, and each one of them would provide ten slaughtered camels every day. (1)

Al-Hakam ibn Uyaynah said: It was revealed concerning Abu Sufyan, who spent forty ounces on the idolaters on the day of Uhud. (2)

Allah, exalted is He, says: “They will continue to spend it, then it will become a source of regret for them”—that is, what they spent in this world will become a cause of regret for them in the Hereafter. “Then they will be defeated”: they will not prevail. “And those who disbelieve” among them “will be gathered in Hell.” The disbelievers were specified because some of them embraced Islam.

“So that Allah may distinguish the evil from the good, and place the evil one upon another, piling it all together, then cast it into Hell. It is they who are the losers. Say to those who disbelieve: if they desist, what has passed will be forgiven for them; but if they return, then the precedent of the earlier peoples has already passed.” (37) (38)

Regarding His words, “so that Allah may distinguish the evil [in Satan’s cause] (3) from the good”: that is, He distinguishes the disbeliever from the believer, admitting the believer into the Gardens and the disbeliever into the Fire.

Al-Kalbi said: He distinguishes evil deeds from righteous and good deeds; He rewards righteous deeds with Paradise and evil deeds with the Fire.

It was also said that it means: He distinguishes evil spending in Satan’s cause from good spending in the cause of Allah.

“And place the evil one upon another”: that is, one upon another. “Piling it all together”: that is, gathering it together. From this comes the expression “massed clouds,” meaning dense clouds gathered together. Then He casts it into Hell. “It is they who are the losers.” This refers back to His words, “Indeed, those who disbelieve spend their wealth . . . It is they who are the losers”: those whose transaction has failed, for they purchased the punishment of the Hereafter with their wealth.

“Say to those who disbelieve: if they desist” from associating partners with Allah, “what has passed will be forgiven for them”—that is, the sins they committed before Islam. “But if they return, then the precedent of the earlier peoples has already passed”: namely, Allah’s established way of granting victory to His prophets and destroying their enemies.

Yahya ibn Muadh al-Razi said: “A declaration of Allah’s oneness that was able to demolish the disbelief that came before it—I hope it will not be unable to demolish the sin that comes after it.”

(1) See Sirat Ibn Hisham, 1:671; Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 271. (2) See al-Tabari, 13:531; Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 272; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:63. (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B.

وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَكُلُّهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، كَانَ يُطْعِمُ كُلٌّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عَشْرَ جُزُرٍ (١) . وَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي سُفْيَانَ أَنْفَقَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً (٢) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَسَيُنْفِقُونَهَا ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسْرَةً﴾ يُرِيدُ: مَا أَنْفَقُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا يَصِيرُ حَسْرَةً عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿ثُمَّ يُغْلَبُونَ﴾ وَلَا يَظْفَرُونَ، ﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ مِنْهُمْ، ﴿إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ يُحْشَرُونَ﴾ خُصَّ الْكُفَّارُ لِأَنَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَسَلَمَ. ﴿لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ وَيَجْعَلَ الْخَبِيثَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَيَرْكُمَهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِي جَهَنَّمَ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (٣٧) قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرْ لَهُمْ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ وَإِنْ يَعُودُوا فَقَدْ مَضَتْ سُنَّةُ الْأَوَّلِينَ (٣٨) ﴾ ﴿لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ﴾ [فِي سَبِيلِ الشَّيْطَانِ] (٣) ﴿مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْكَافِرَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ فَيُنْزِلُ الْمُؤْمِنَ الْجِنَانَ وَالْكَافِرَ النِّيرَانَ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: الْعَمَلُ الْخَبِيثُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ الصالح الطيب، فيثب عَلَى الْأَعْمَالِ الصَّالِحَةِ الْجَنَّةَ، وَعَلَى الْأَعْمَالِ الْخَبِيثَةِ النَّارَ. وَقِيلَ: يَعْنِي: الْإِنْفَاقَ الْخَبِيثَ فِي سَبِيلِ الشَّيْطَانِ مِنَ الْإِنْفَاقِ الطَّيِّبِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. ﴿وَيَجْعَلَ الْخَبِيثَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ﴾ أَيْ: فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ، ﴿فَيَرْكُمَهُ جَمِيعًا﴾ أَيْ: يَجْمَعَهُ وَمِنْهُ السَّحَابُ الْمَرْكُومُ، وَهُوَ الْمُجْتَمِعُ الْكَثِيفُ، فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِي جَهَنَّمَ ﴿أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ﴾ رَدَّهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ﴾ . . . ﴿أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ﴾ الَّذِينَ خَسِرَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ، لِأَنَّهُمُ اشْتَرَوْا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْآخِرَةِ. ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا﴾ عَنِ الشِّرْكِ ﴿يُغْفَرْ لَهُمْ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ أَيْ: مَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ، ﴿وَإِنْ يَعُودُوا فَقَدْ مَضَتْ سُنَّةُ الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ فِي نَصْرِ اللَّهِ أَنْبِيَاءَهُ وَإِهْلَاكِ أَعْدَائِهِ. قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الرَّازِيُّ: تَوْحِيدٌ لَمْ يَعْجَزْ عَنْ هَدْمِ مَا قَبْلَهُ مِنْ كَفْرٍ، أَرْجُو أَنْ لَا يَعْجَزُ عَنْ هَدْمِ مَا بَعْدَهُ مِنْ ذَنْبٍ.

(١) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ١ / ٦٧١، أسباب النزول للواحدي، ص (٢٧١) . (٢) انظر: الطبري: ١٣ / ٥٣١، أسباب النزول ص (٢٧٢) ، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٦٣. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من"ب".