Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/354)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And why should Allah not punish them when they bar people from the Sacred Mosque, even though they are not its guardians? Its guardians are none but those who are mindful of Allah; yet most of them do not know. And their prayer at the House was nothing but whistling and clapping. So taste the punishment for your disbelief.” (34–35)

His saying, exalted is He, “And why should Allah not punish them,” means: What is there to prevent them from being punished? This refers to after you had departed from among them. “When they bar people from the Sacred Mosque,” that is, they prevent the believers from circumambulating the House. 148/a

It was also said that the first punishment refers to annihilating punishment, while His saying, “And why should Allah not punish them,” refers to punishment by the sword.

And it was said that the first refers to the punishment of this world, whereas this verse refers to the punishment of the Hereafter.

Al-Hasan said: The first verse—His saying, “But Allah would not punish them”—was abrogated by His saying, exalted is He, “And why should Allah not punish them.” (1)

“And they were not its guardians.” Al-Hasan said: The idolaters used to say, “We are the guardians of the Sacred Mosque,” so Allah refuted them with His saying, “And they were not its guardians,” meaning, the guardians of the House. “Its guardians are none but those who are mindful of Allah,” meaning, the guardians of the House are none but those who are mindful of Allah—that is, the believers who guard themselves against associating partners with Allah. “Yet most of them do not know.”

His saying, exalted is He, “And their prayer at the House was nothing but whistling and clapping”: Ibn Abbas and al-Hasan said:

(1) Imam al-Tabari, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “There is no basis for the view of those who claim that this was abrogated by His saying, ‘And what is the matter with them that Allah should not punish them while they bar people from the Sacred Mosque?’ For His statement, exalted be His praise, ‘And Allah would not punish them while they seek forgiveness,’ is a declarative statement, and declarative statements cannot be abrogated. Abrogation applies only to commands or prohibitions.” Tafsir, 13:518.

﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ أَلَّا يُعَذِّبُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمَا كَانُوا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ إِنْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقُونَ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (٣٤) وَمَا كَانَ صَلَاتُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ إِلَّا مُكَاءً وَتَصْدِيَةً فَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ (٣٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ أَلَّا يُعَذِّبُهُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ أَيْ: وَمَا يَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ أَنْ يُعَذَّبُوا، يُرِيدُ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِكَ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ، ﴿وَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ أَيْ: يمنعون المؤمنين ١٤٨/أمِنَ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِالْعَذَابِ الْأَوَّلِ عَذَابَ الِاسْتِئْصَالِ، وَأَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ "وما لهم أن أَلَّا يُعَذِّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ" أَيْ: بِالسَّيْفِ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِالْأَوَّلِ عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا، وَبِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ عَذَابَ الْآخِرَةِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ: "وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ" مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "وَمَا لَهُمْ أَلَّا يُعَذِّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ" (١) . ﴿وَمَا كَانُوا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، فَرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: "وَمَا كَانُوا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ" أَيْ: أَوْلِيَاءَ الْبَيْتِ، ﴿إِنْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ﴾ أَيْ: لَيْسَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْبَيْتِ، ﴿إِلَّا الْمُتَّقُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ الشِّرْكَ، ﴿وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ صَلَاتُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ إِلَّا مُكَاءً وَتَصْدِيَةً﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسَنُ:

(١) قال الإمام الطبري، ﵀: "لا وجه لقول من قال: ذلك منسوخ بقوله: "وما لهم ألا يعذبهم الله وهم يصدون عن المسجد الحرام"، الآية، لأن قوله جل ثناؤه "وما كان الله معذبهم وهم يستغفرون" خبر، والخبر لا يجوز أن يكون فيه نسخ، وإنما يكون النسخ للأمر أو النهي" التفسير: ١٣ / ٥١٨.