Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/348)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah and the Messenger” (1). “And betray your trusts,” that is, “nor betray your trusts.” “While you know”—that is, while you know that they are trusts. It was also said: while you know that what you did—namely, the gesture toward the throat—was a betrayal.

Al-Suddi said: “When they betray Allah and the Messenger, they have betrayed their trusts.”

Ibn Abbas said: “Do not betray Allah by neglecting His obligatory duties, nor the Messenger by abandoning his sunnah, nor betray your trusts.”

Ibn Abbas said: “These are the obligations due to Allah that are hidden from people’s eyes, and the deeds with which Allah has entrusted them.”

Qatadah said: “Know that the religion of Allah is a trust. So render to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, what He has entrusted you with of His obligations and limits. Whoever has been entrusted with something must return it to the one who entrusted him with it.”

“And know that your wealth and your children are but a trial.” It was said that this too concerned Abu Lubabah, because his wealth and children were among Banu Qurayzah, and he said what he said out of fear for them.

It was also said that this applies to all people. Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi dictated to us, and Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi informed us. Both said: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Isfarayini informed us; Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Razmawayh informed us; Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn Ghalib informed us; Yahya ibn Yahya informed us; Abdullah ibn Lahi'ah informed us, from Abu al-Aswad, from Urwah, from Aishah, that a young boy was brought to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He kissed him and said: “They are indeed a cause of miserliness and cowardice, yet they are among Allah’s fragrant blessings.” (4)

“And that with Allah is a tremendous reward,” for whoever is sincere toward Allah and His Messenger and fulfils his trust.

“O you who have believed, if you fear Allah, He will grant you a criterion and remove from you your misdeeds and forgive you. And Allah is the Possessor of tremendous bounty. (29)”

His words, Mighty and Majestic: “O you who have believed, if you fear Allah”—by obeying Him and refraining from disobedience to Him—“He will grant you a criterion.”

(1) See: Al-Tabari's Tafsir, 13:481; Ibn Hisham's Sirah, 2:237-238; Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul (Occasions of Revelation), pp. 269-270; Al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:48-49. (2) Added from manuscript B. (3) Manuscript B reads: "Dharqawayh." (4) The author transmitted it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:35. Its chain includes Ibn Lahi'ah, who had poor retention; however, the hadith has corroborating reports that strengthen it, as found in Ahmad, 6:409, and al-Tirmidhi, in al-Birr wa al-Silah (Righteousness and Maintaining Family Ties).

اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ" (١) . ﴿وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: [وَلَا تَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ] (٢) ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ أَنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ. وَقِيلَ: وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ، مِنَ الْإِشَارَةِ إِلَى الْحَلْقِ، خِيَانَةٌ. قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: إِذَا خَانُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ خَانُوا أَمَانَاتِهِمْ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ بِتَرْكِ فَرَائِضِهِ وَالرَّسُولَ بِتَرْكِ سُنَّتِهِ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَتَكُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هِيَ مَا يَخْفَى عَنْ أَعْيُنِ النَّاسِ مِنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ، وَالْأَعْمَالُ الَّتِي ائْتَمَنَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ أَمَانَةٌ فَأَدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ مَا ائْتَمَنَكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ فَرَائِضِهِ وَحُدُودِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَمَانَةٌ فَلْيُؤَدِّهَا إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهَا. ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ قِيلَ: هَذَا أَيْضًا فِي أَبِي لُبَابَةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَمْوَالَهُ وَأَوْلَادَهُ كَانُوا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَقَالَ مَا قَالَ خَوْفًا عَلَيْهِمْ. وَقِيلَ: هَذَا فِي جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ -إِمْلَاءً -وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الطُّوسِيُّ، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ [رَزْمَوَيْهِ] (٣) حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأُسُودِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أُتِيَ بِصَبِيٍّ فَقَبَّلَهُ وَقَالَ: "أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ مَبْخَلَةٌ مَجْبَنَةٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ لِمِنْ رَيْحَانِ اللَّهِ ﷿" (٤) . ﴿وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ لِمَنْ نَصَحَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَأَدَّى أَمَانَتَهُ. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقَانًا وَيُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ (٢٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ بِطَاعَتِهِ وَتَرْكِ مَعْصِيَتَهُ، ﴿يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقَانًا﴾

(١) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٣ / ٤٨١، سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ٢٣٧ - ٢٣٨، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٦٩ - ٢٧٠) ، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٤٨ - ٤٩. (٢) زيادة من "ب". (٣) في "ب" (ذرقويه) . (٤) أخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٥، وفيه ابن لهيعة، وهو سيئ الحفظ، وللحديث شواهد يتقوى بها، عند أحمد: ٦ / ٤٠٩، والترمذي في البر والصلة.