Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/346)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Suddi, Muqatil, al-Dahhak, and Qatadah said: This concerns particular individuals among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, whom the tribulation afflicted on the Day of the Camel. (1)

Ibn Abbas said: Allah, exalted is He, commanded the believers not to approve of evil in their midst, lest Allah encompass them all in a punishment that strikes both the wrongdoer and the one who has not done wrong. (2)

Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us; Abu Tahir al-Harithi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kisa'i narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn Mahmud narrated to us; Ibrahim ibn Abd Allah al-Khallal narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Sayf ibn Abi Sulayman, who said: I heard Adi ibn Adi al-Kindi say: A client of ours told me that he heard my grandfather say: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say, “Allah does not punish the general populace for the deeds of the few until they see evil in their midst, while able to denounce it, yet do not denounce it. When they do so, Allah punishes both the general populace and the few.” (3)

Ibn Zayd said: By the trial, He meant the division of their ranks and their disagreement with one another. (4)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Abu al-Yaman narrated to us; Shu'ayb narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman informed me, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “There will be trials in which the one sitting is better than the one standing, the one standing is better than the one walking, and the one walking is better than the one rushing toward them. Whoever exposes himself to them will be overtaken by them; so whoever finds a refuge or a place of safety should take shelter in it.” (5)

His saying, “which will not afflict only those among you who have wronged,” means: the punishment. “And know that Allah is severe in punishment.”

(1) Al-Tabari, Tafsir, 13:473. (2) Al-Tabari, Tafsir, 13:474, without the words, “which befalls both the wrongdoer and the non-wrongdoer.” (3) Narrated by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 4:192; al-Tahawi in Mushkil al-Athar, 2:66; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak in al-Zuhd, no. 1352, p. 476; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:346. (4) Compare his other statement in al-Tabari, 13:475: “Fitnah means misguidance.” (5) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Fitan, “Chapter: When Fitnah Occurs, the One Sitting Is Better Than the One Standing,” 13:29; and also in al-Anbiya and al-Manaqib. Muslim also narrated it in al-Fitan, “Chapter: The Descent of Fitnah Like Falling Rain,” no. 2886, 4:2212; as did the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:22.

وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَالضَّحَّاكُ وَقَتَادَةُ: هَذَا فِي قَوْمٍ مَخْصُوصِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصَابَتْهُمُ الْفِتْنَةُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ (١) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ لَا يُقِرُّوا الْمُنْكَرَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ فَيَعُمَّهُمُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ يُصِيبُ الظَّالِمَ وَغَيْرَ الظَّالِمِ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْحَارِثِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَدِيَّ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ الْكِنْدِيِّ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي مَوْلَى لَنَا أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَدِّي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ الْعَامَّةَ بِعَمَلِ الْخَاصَّةِ حَتَّى يَرَوُا الْمُنْكَرَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانِيهِمْ وَهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْ يُنْكِرُوهُ فَلَا يُنْكِرُوهُ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَذَّبَ اللَّهُ الْعَامَّةَ وَالْخَاصَّةَ" (٣) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: أَرَادَ بِالْفِتْنَةِ افْتِرَاقَ الْكَلِمَةِ وَمُخَالَفَةَ بَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "سَتَكُونُ فِتَنٌ الْقَاعِدُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْقَائِمِ، وَالْقَائِمُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْمَاشِي، وَالْمَاشِي فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ السَّاعِي، مِنْ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفُهُ، فَمَنْ وَجَدَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَعَاذًا فَلْيَعُذْ بِهِ" (٥) . قَوْلُهُ ﴿لَا تُصِيبَنَّ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْكُمْ خَاصَّةً﴾ يَعْنِي: الْعَذَابَ، ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾

(١) تفسير الطبري: ١٣ / ٤٧٣. (٢) تفسير الطبري: ١٣ / ٤٧٤ دون قوله "يصيب الظالم وغير الظالم". (٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٤ / ١٩٢، والطحاوي في مشكل الآثار: ٢ / ٦٦، وعبد الله بن المبارك في الزهد، برقم (١٣٥٢) ص (٤٧٦) ، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٤٦. (٤) قارن قوله الآخر في الطبري: ١٣ / ٤٧٥ قال: الفتنة: الضلالة. (٥) أخرجه البخاري في الفتن، باب تكون الفتنة، القاعد فيها خير من القائم: ١٣ / ٢٩، وفي الأنبياء، وفي المناقب، وأخرجه مسلم في الفتن، باب نزول الفتن كمواقع القطر، برقم (٢٨٨٦) : ٤ / ٢٢١٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٢٢.