Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/344)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

after it had become manifest. It is also said that they used to say to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Bring Qusayy back to life for us, for he was a blessed elder, so that he may testify to your prophethood and we may believe in you.” Allah, Most High, then said: “But even if He had made them hear” the words of Qusayy, “they would still have turned away in aversion.”

“O you who believe, respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life. And know that Allah comes between a person and his heart, and that to Him you will be gathered. And beware of a trial that will not afflict only the wrongdoers among you, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (24–25)

His saying, Most High: “O you who believe, respond to Allah and to the Messenger”—that is, obey them both. “When he calls you”—that is, when the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, calls you—“to that which gives you life,” meaning, to that which gives you life.

Al-Suddi said: It is faith, for the disbeliever is dead and is brought to life through faith.

Qatadah said: It is the Quran; within it is life, and through it come salvation and protection in both abodes.

Mujahid said: It is the truth.

Ibn Ishaq said: It is jihad; Allah granted you might through it after humiliation.

Al-Qutaybi said: Rather, it is martyrdom. Allah, Most High, says concerning the martyrs: “Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision.” (Al Imran, 3:169)

We have narrated that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, passed by Ubayy ibn Kab, may Allah be pleased with him, while he was praying, and called him. Ubayy therefore hastened in his prayer, then came to him. The Messenger of Allah said: “What prevented you from answering me when I called you?” He replied, “I was praying.” He said, “Does Allah not say: ‘O you who believe, respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life’?” [He said: “Certainly, O Messenger of Allah: whenever you call me, I shall answer you, even if I am praying.” (1)] (2)

His saying, Most High: “And know that Allah comes between a person and his heart”: Said ibn Jubayr and Ata said: He comes between the believer and disbelief, and between the disbeliever and faith.

(1) Al-Tabari, Tafsir, 13:467, narrates it with this wording. Al-Tirmidhi narrates a similar version in Fada'il al-Quran, “Chapter on the Virtue of Surat al-Fatihah,” 8:178-180, and states: “This is a sound, authentic hadith.” Ahmad, Musnad, 2:412-413, also narrates it. Al-Bukhari narrates it with a different context in Tafsir, 8:156, and in Fada'il al-Quran. Al-Mundhiri said: Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban narrated it in their Sahih collections, and al-Hakim narrated an abridged version from Abu Hurayrah, from Ubayy. Al-Hakim said: “Authentic according to the criteria of Muslim.” See al-Kafi al-Shaf, pp. 68-69; Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, 8:180. (2) The text in parentheses is from manuscript B.

بَعْدَ ظُهُورِهِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يقولون للنبي ﷺ: أحيي لَنَا قُصَيًّا فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ شَيْخًا مُبَارَكًا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ لَكَ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ فَنُؤْمِنَ بِكَ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "وَلَوْ أَسْمَعَهُمْ" كَلَامَ قُصَيٍّ "لَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ". ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ وَأَنَّهُ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (٢٤) وَاتَّقُوا فِتْنَةً لَا تُصِيبَنَّ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْكُمْ خَاصَّةً وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (٢٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ يَقُولُ أَجِيبُوهُمَا بِالطَّاعَةِ، ﴿إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ﴾ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ، ﴿لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: إِلَى مَا يُحْيِيكُمْ. قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: هُوَ الْإِيمَانُ، لِأَنَّ الْكَافِرَ مَيِّتٌ فَيَحْيَا بِالْإِيمَانِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هُوَ الْقُرْآنُ فِيهِ الْحَيَاةُ وَبِهِ النَّجَاةُ وَالْعِصْمَةُ فِي الدَّارَيْنِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُوَ الْحَقُّ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: هُوَ الْجِهَادُ أَعَزَّكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْدَ الذُّلِّ. وَقَالَ الْقُتَيْبِيُّ: بَلِ الشَّهَادَةُ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الشُّهَدَاءِ: "بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ" (آلِ عِمْرَانَ ٠ ١٦٩) . وَرَوَيْنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ﵁، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَدَعَاهُ فَعَجِلَ أُبَيُّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: "مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي إِذْ دَعَوْتُكَ؟ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ﴾ ؟ [فَقَالَ: لَا جَرَمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا تَدْعُونِي إِلَّا أَجَبْتُ وَإِنْ كُنْتُ مُصَلِّيًا" (١) ] (٢) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ﴾ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَعَطَاءٌ: يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَالْكَفْرِ، وَبَيْنَ الْكَافِرِ وَالْإِيمَانِ.

(١) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ١٣ / ٤٦٧ بهذا اللفظ، وأخرجه بنحوه الترمذي في فضائل القرآن - باب ما جاء في فضل فاتحة الكتاب: ٨ / ١٧٨ - ١٨٠ وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح. والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٤١٢ - ٤١٣، وأخرجه البخاري بغير هذا السياق في التفسير ٨ / ١٥٦، وفي فضائل القرآن. وقال المنذري: رواه ابن خزيمة وابن حبان في صحيحيهما والحاكم باختصار عن أبي هريرة عن أُبي، وقال الحاكم: صحيح على شرط مسلم. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٦٨ - ٦٩) تحفة الأحوذي: ٨ / ١٨٠. (٢) ما بين القوسين من نسخة "ب".