Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/341)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf said: “I was standing in the ranks on the day of Badr when I looked around and found two young lads, one on my right and the other on my left. I felt uneasy at being positioned between them. Then one of them quietly asked me, without the other hearing: ‘Uncle, show me Abu Jahl.’ I said, ‘My nephew, what do you intend to do with him?’ He replied, ‘I have made a covenant with Allah, exalted is He: if I see him, I shall kill him or die trying.’ The other then quietly said the same to me, without his companion hearing. Nothing pleased me more than being between two men such as they. So I pointed him out to them, and they swooped upon him like two falcons and struck him down. They were the two sons of Afra’ (1).”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna related to us; Ibn Abi Adi related to us, from Sulayman al-Taymi, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said one day, “Who will find out for us what has become of Abu Jahl?” Ibn Mas'ud went out and found that the two sons of Afra’ had struck him until he lay motionless. He seized him by the beard and said, “Are you Abu Jahl?” He replied, “Is there anyone greater than a man whom his own people have killed—or whom you have killed?” (2)

Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr related to me that Mu'adh ibn Amr ibn al-Jamuh said: When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had finished his campaign, he ordered that Abu Jahl ibn Hisham be sought among the slain, saying, “O Allah, do not let him escape You.” Mu'adh said: When I heard this, I made it my concern. I went straight toward him and struck him a blow that severed his foot at mid-calf (3). His son Ikrimah struck me on the shoulder, cutting off my hand, which remained attached by a flap of skin at my side. The fighting drove me away from him, yet I fought for most of the day while dragging it behind me. When it caused me pain, I placed my foot upon it and pulled myself away from it until I cast it off. Then Mu'awwidh ibn Afra’ came upon Abu Jahl while he lay wounded and struck him until he incapacitated him. He left him with a faint breath remaining. Then Abdullah ibn Mas'ud passed by Abu Jahl (5). Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said: “I found him at his final breath. I recognized him, placed my foot upon his neck, and said, ‘Has Allah disgraced you, enemy of Allah?’ He replied, ‘And how has He disgraced me? Is there any man greater than one whom you have killed? Tell me: to whom does victory belong?’ I said, ‘To Allah and His Messenger.’”

It is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud that he said: Abu Jahl said to me, “Little shepherd, you have climbed a difficult ascent.” Then—

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, chapter: “If they overwhelm you, then shoot them,” 7:307-308; and by Muslim in al-Jihad wa al-Siyar, chapter: “The killer’s entitlement to the slain person’s spoils,” no. 1752, 3:172. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, chapter: “The killing of Abu Jahl,” 7:293. (3) Atannat his foot: it caused it to fly off. (4) Ajhadani: he overpowered me and bore down heavily upon me. (5) From Sirat Ibn Hisham. (6) Al-Suhayli states in al-Rawd al-Unuf, 2:72: “That is, is there anyone above a man killed by his own people? This is the sense of Ibn Hisham’s explanation when he said: that is, there is no disgrace upon him. . . .”

عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: إِنِّي لَفِي الصَّفِّ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ إِذِ الْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا عَنْ يَمِينِي وَعَنْ يَسَارِي فَتَيَانِ، حَدِيثَا السِّنِّ، فَكَأَنِّي لَمْ آمَنْ بِمَكَانِهِمَا، إِذْ قَالَ لِي أَحَدُهُمَا سِرًّا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ: يَا عَمٌّ أَرِنِي أَبَا جَهْلٍ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي وَمَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: عَاهَدْتُ اللَّهَ ﷿ إِنْ رَأَيْتُهُ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ أَوْ أَمُوتَ دُونَهُ. فَقَالَ لِي الْآخَرُ سِرًّا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ مِثْلَهُ، فَمَا سَرَّنِي أَنِّي بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ بِمَكَانِهِمَا، فَأَشَرْتُ لَهُمَا إِلَيْهِ، فَشَدَّا عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ الصَّقْرَيْنِ حَتَّى ضَرْبَاهُ، وَهُمَا ابْنَا عَفْرَاءَ (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، ثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵁، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ: "مَنْ يَنْظُرُ لَنَا مَا صَنَعَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ"؟ قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ ضَرَبَهُ ابْنَا عَفْرَاءَ حَتَّى بَرَدَ، قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ بِلِحْيَتِهِ فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ؟ فَقَالَ: وَهَلْ فَوْقَ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَهُ قَوْمُهُ أَوْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ (٢) . [قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ لَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ غَزْوِهِ أَمَرَ بِأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَنْ يُلْتَمَسَ فِي الْقَتْلَى، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا يُعْجِزَنَّكَ، قَالَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُهَا جَعَلْتُهُ مِنْ شَأْنِي فَعَمَدْتُ نَحْوَهُ فَضَرَبْتُهُ ضَرْبَةً أَطْنَتْ (٣) قَدَمَهُ بِنِصْفِ سَاقِهِ. قَالَ: وَضَرَبَنِي ابْنُهُ عِكْرِمَةُ عَلَى عَاتِقِي، فَطَرَحَ يَدِي فَتَعَلَّقْتُ بِجِلْدَةٍ مِنْ جَنْبِي، وَأَجْهَضَنِي (٤) الْقِتَالُ عَنْهُ، فَلَقَدْ قَاتَلْتُ عَامَّةَ يَوْمِي، وَإِنِّي لَأَسْحَبُهَا خَلْفِي، فَلَمَّا آذَتْنِي جَعَلْتُ عَلَيْهَا قَدَمِي، ثُمَّ تَمَطَّيْتُ بِهَا حَتَّى طَرَحْتُهَا، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِأَبِي جَهْلٍ وَهُوَ عَقِيرٌ مُعَوِّذُ بْنُ عَفْرَاءَ، فَضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى أَثْبَتَهُ، فَتَرَكَهُ وَبِهِ رَمَقٌ، فَمَرَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ [بِأَبِي جَهْلٍ] (٥) قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: وَجَدْتُهُ بِآخِرِ رَمَقٍ فَعَرَفْتُهُ فَوَضَعْتُ رِجْلِي عَلَى عُنُقِهِ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: هَلْ أَخْزَاكَ اللَّهُ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: وَبِمَاذَا أَخْزَانِي، أَعْمَدُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ (٦) أَخْبِرْنِي لِمَنِ الدَّائِرَةُ؟ قُلْتُ: لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَهْلٍ: لَقَدِ ارْتَقَيْتَ يَا رُوَيْعِيَّ الْغَنَمِ مُرْتَقًى صَعْبًا، ثُمَّ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب إذا أكثبوكم فارموهم: ٧ / ٣٠٧ - ٣٠٨، ومسم في الجهاد والسير، باب استحقاق القاتل سلب القتيل، برقم (١٧٥٢) : ٣ / ١٧٢. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب قتل أبي جهل: ٧ / ٢٩٣. (٣) أطنت قدمه: أطارَتْها. (٤) أجهضني: غلبني واشتدَّ علي. (٥) من سيرة ابن هشام. (٦) قال السهيلي في الروض الأنف: ٢ / ٧٢: "أي: هل فوق رجل قتله قومه؟ وهو معنى تفسير ابن هشام حيث قال: أي ليس عليه عار. . . ".