Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/340)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the faces!” Not one of the idolaters remained without some of it entering his eyes, mouth, and nostrils. They were routed, and the believers pursued them, killing and taking them captive (1).

Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said: It was related to us that, on the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, took three pebbles. He threw one pebble at the right flank of the people, another at their left flank, and another into their midst, saying, “Disfigured be the faces!” They were then routed. This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: “And you did not throw when you threw, but it was Allah who threw.” For no human being has the power to throw a palmful ⦗146/a⦘ of pebbles at the faces of an army such that not a single eye among them is struck by some of it.

It was also said that its meaning is: “You did not make it reach them when you threw it; rather, Allah made it reach them.”

It was also said: You did not cast terror into their hearts when you threw the pebbles; rather, Allah cast terror into their hearts until they were routed. “So that He might test the believers with a good test from Him,” meaning: so that He might bestow upon the believers a tremendous blessing through victory and spoils of war. “Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing,” of your supplication, “All-Knowing,” of your intentions.

“That is so, and Allah will weaken the plot of the disbelievers. If you seek a judgment, judgment has come to you. But if you desist, it is better for you; and if you return, We shall return. Your forces will not avail you in the least, however numerous they may be. And Allah is with the believers.” (18–19)

“That” refers to what I have mentioned of the killing, the throwing, and the good test. As for “and Allah,” it was said that an ellipsis is understood: that is, [Know] (2) that Allah is the one who weakens the plot of the disbelievers. Ibn Kathir, Nafi, and the reciters of Basra read muwahhinun (greatly weakening), with a doubled consonant and tanwin, and kayda (the plot) in the accusative. The others read muhinu (weakening), with an undoubled consonant and tanwin, except Hafs, who reads it in the construct form, without tanwin, and reads kaydi in the genitive.

His saying, exalted is He: “If you seek a judgment, judgment has come to you.” This was because Abu Jahl said on the day of Badr, when the people met: “O Allah, whichever of us has most severed the ties of kinship and brought us what we do not recognize, destroy him this morning.” Thus, he was the one who sought judgment against himself (3).

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Yaqub ibn Ibrahim related to us; Ibrahim ibn Sa'd related to us, from his father, from his grandfather, who said:

(1) See Sirat Ibn Hisham, 1:616 ff. (al-Halabi edition); and Musnad Imam Ahmad, 1:117. (2) In manuscript “A”: “And know.” (3) See Sirat Ibn Hisham, 1:628. Ahinnah means: “Destroy him.” Al-mustaftih is one who invokes this supplication against himself, seeking Allah's judgment.

الْوُجُوهُ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ مُشْرِكٌ إِلَّا دَخَلَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ وَفَمِهِ وَمَنْخَرَيْهِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ، فَانْهَزَمُوا وَرَدِفَهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ وَيَأْسِرُونَهُمْ (١) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ: ذَكِرُ لَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ثَلَاثَ حَصَيَاتٍ فَرَمَى بِحَصَاةٍ فِي مَيْمَنَةِ الْقَوْمِ وَبِحَصَاةٍ فِي مَيْسَرَةِ الْقَوْمِ وَبِحَصَاةٍ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَقَالَ: شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوهُ، فَانْهَزَمُوا، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى"، إِذْ لَيْسَ فِي وُسْعِ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْبَشَرِ أَنْ يَرْمِيَ كفا من ١٤٦/أالْحَصَا إِلَى وُجُوهِ جَيْشٍ فَلَا يَبْقَى فِيهِمْ عَيْنٌ إِلَّا وَيُصِيبُهَا مِنْهُ شيء. وقيل: معناه الْآيَةِ وَمَا بَلَّغْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ بَلَّغَ. وَقِيلَ: وَمَا رَمَيْتَ بِالرُّعْبِ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ بِالْحَصْبَاءِ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى بِالرُّعْبِ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ حَتَّى انْهَزَمُوا، ﴿وَلِيُبْلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا﴾ أَيْ: وَلِيُنْعِمَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نِعْمَةً عَظِيمَةً بِالنَّصْرِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ﴾ لِدُعَائِكُمْ، ﴿عَلِيمٌ﴾ بِنِيَّاتِكُمْ. ﴿ذَلِكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ الْكَافِرِينَ (١٨) إِنْ تَسْتَفْتِحُوا فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْفَتْحُ وَإِنْ تَنْتَهُوا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ تَعُودُوا نَعُدْ وَلَنْ تُغْنِيَ عَنْكُمْ فِئَتُكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَوْ كَثُرَتْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (١٩) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكُمْ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَالرَّمْيِ وَالْبَلَاءِ الْحَسَنِ، ﴿وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ﴾ قِيلَ: فِيهِ إِضْمَارٌ، أَيْ: [وَاعْلَمُوا] (٢) أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﴿مُوهِنُ﴾ مُضَعِفُ، ﴿كَيْدِ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَنَافِعٌ وَأَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ: "مُوَهِّنٌ" بِالتَّشْدِيدِ وَالتَّنْوِينِ، "كَيْدَ" نَصْبٌ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ "مُوهِنُ" بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَالتَّنْوِينِ إِلَّا حَفْصًا، فَإِنَّهُ يُضِيفُهُ فَلَا يُنَوِّنُ وَيَخْفِضُ "كَيْدَ". قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنْ تَسْتَفْتِحُوا فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْفَتْحُ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ لَمَّا الْتَقَى النَّاسُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَقَطَعُنَا لِلرَّحِمِ وَآتَانَا بِمَا لَمْ نَعْرِفْ فَأَحِنْهُ الْغَدَاةَ، فَكَانَ هُوَ الْمُسْتَفْتِحَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ

(١) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ١ / ٦١٦ وما بعدها. (طبع الحلبي) ، والمسند للإمام أحمد: ١ / ١١٧. (٢) في: "أ": (وأعلم) . (٣) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ١ / ٦٢٨. ومعنى: أحِنْه: أهلكه، والمستفتح: الحاكم على نفسه بهذا الدعاء.