Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/339)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“It was not you who killed them; rather, it was Allah who killed them. And you did not throw when you threw, but it was Allah who threw, so that He might test the believers with a good test from Him. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (17)

His saying, exalted is He: “It was not you who killed them; rather, it was Allah who killed them.” Mujahid (1) said: The reason for this verse was that, when they had departed from the fighting, one man would say, “I killed so-and-so,” and another would say the same. Then this verse was revealed. Its meaning is: You did not kill them through your own strength; rather, Allah killed them [through His help] (2), by supporting and strengthening you.

It was also said: Rather, Allah killed them through the reinforcement of the angels.

“And you did not throw when you threw, but it was Allah who threw.” The scholars of Quranic exegesis and the Prophetic campaigns said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, called the people to arms (3), and they set out until they encamped at Badr. Quraysh’s water-carriers came upon them; among them were Aslam, a black servant belonging to Banu al-Hajjaj, and Abu Yasar, a servant belonging to Banu al-As ibn Said. They brought the two of them to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he asked them, “Where is Quraysh?” They replied, “They are behind this dune that you see, on the far side of the valley”—the dune being a mound of sand. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked them, “How many men are there?” They said, “Many.” He asked, “What is their number?” They said, “We do not know.” He asked, “How many camels do they slaughter each day?” They replied, “Ten one day and nine the next.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Their number is between nine hundred and one thousand.”

He then asked them, “Which nobles of Quraysh are among them?” They said: “Utbah ibn Rabiah, Shaybah ibn Rabiah, Abu al-Bakhtari ibn Hisham, Hakim ibn Hizam, al-Harith ibn Amir, Tuaymah ibn Adi, al-Nadr ibn al-Harith, Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Nabih and Munabbih, the two sons of al-Hajjaj, and Suhayl ibn Amr.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Here is Mecca, casting before you the dearest pieces of its heart.” (4)

When Quraysh approached, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saw them descending from the dune—the mound from which they had come down into the valley—he said: “Here is Quraysh, advancing in its arrogance and pride, opposing You (5) and belying Your Messenger. O Allah, grant me the victory You promised me.” Gabriel, peace be upon him, then came to him and said, “Take a handful of dust and throw it at them.” When the two forces met, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, took a palmful of pebbles covered with dust and cast it into the faces of the people, saying, “Disfigured be

(1) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:39. (2) In manuscript “B”: “by His support.” (3) Nadabtuhu means: “I dispatched and summoned him.” (4) Afladh is the plural of faladh, and faladh is the plural of faldhah, meaning “a piece.” This is a metaphor referring to the core and nobility of Quraysh, since faladh denotes one of the noblest bodily parts. (From the margin of the Tafsir.) (5) Tuhadduka means: “it opposes you.” In manuscript “A”: tujadil, “it argues with you.”

﴿فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى وَلِيُبْلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (١٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ (١) سَبَبُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا عَنِ الْقِتَالِ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ: أَنَا قَتَلْتُ فَلَانًا وَيَقُولُ الْآخَرُ مِثْلَهُ، فَنَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ. وَمَعْنَاهُ: فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ أَنْتُمْ بِقُوَّتِكُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ [بِنَصْرِهِ] (٢) إِيَّاكُمْ وَتَقْوِيَتِهِ لَكُمْ. وَقِيلَ: لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ بِإِمْدَادِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ. ﴿وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى﴾ قَالَ أَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ وَالْمَغَازِي: نَدَبَ (٣) رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ، فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا بَدْرًا، وَوَرَدَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ رَوَايَا قُرَيْشٍ، وَفِيهِمْ أَسْلَمُ، غُلَامٌ أَسْوَدُ لِبَنِي الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَبُو يَسَارٍ، غُلَامٌ لِبَنِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، فَأَتَوْا بِهِمَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: أَيْنَ قُرَيْشٌ؟ قَالَا هُمْ وَرَاءَ هَذَا الْكَثِيبِ الَّذِي تَرَى بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْقُصْوَى -وَالْكَثِيبُ: الْعَقَنْقَلُ -فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُمَا: كَمِ الْقَوْمُ؟ قَالَا كَثِيرٌ، قَالَ: مَا عِدَّتُهُمْ؟ قَالَا لَا نَدْرِي، قَالَ: كَمْ يَنْحَرُونَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ؟ قَالَا يَوْمًا عَشْرَةً وَيَوْمًا تِسْعَةً، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "الْقَوْمُ مَا بَيْنَ التِّسْعِمِائَةِ إِلَى الْأَلِفِ" ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا: فَمَنْ فِيهِمْ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ قُرَيْشٍ؟ قَالَا عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَشَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَحَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَطُعَيْمَةُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَالنَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، وَنَبِيهٌ وَمُنَبِّهٌ ابْنَا الْحَجَّاجِ، وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هَذِهِ مَكَّةُ قَدْ أَلْقَتْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَفْلَاذَ كَبِدِهَا" (٤) فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَرَآهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ تُصَوِّبُ مِنَ الْعَقَنْقَلِ، وَهُوَ الْكَثِيبُ الَّذِي جَاءُوا مِنْهُ إِلَى الْوَادِي، قَالَ لَهُمْ: هَذِهِ قُرَيْشٌ قَدْ أَقْبَلَتْ بِخُيَلَائِهَا وَفَخْرِهَا [تُحَادُّكَ] (٥) وَتُكَذِّبُ رَسُولَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ فَنَصْرَكَ الَّذِي وَعَدْتِنِي، فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ وَقَالَ لَهُ: خُذْ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابٍ فَارْمِهِمْ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ تَنَاوَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَفًّا مِنْ حَصَى عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ، فَرَمَى بِهِ فِي وُجُوهِ الْقَوْمِ، وَقَالَ: شَاهَتْ

(١) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٣٩. (٢) في "ب" (بنصرته) . (٣) ندبته: بعثته ودعوته. (٤) الأفلاذ: جمع فلذ، والفلذ: جمع فلذة، وهي القطعة؛ وهو استعارة أراد: لباب قريش وأشرافها، لأن الفلذ من أشرف الأعضاء. (من هامش التفسير) . (٥) تحادك: تعادك. وفي "أ" تجادل.