Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/336)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

with him, while the people stood around him. Abu Lahab said, “Nephew, tell me: how did things go with the people?” He replied, “Nothing, by Allah, except that when we met them, we offered them our backs; they killed us and took us captive as they pleased. Yet, by Allah, even so, I do not blame the people. We encountered white men on piebald horses between heaven and earth. By Allah, they spared nothing, and nothing could stand against them.”

Abu Rafi said: “I raised the rope of the chamber with my hand and said, ‘By Allah, those were the angels!’ Abu Lahab then raised his hand and struck me violently in the face. I grappled with him, but he lifted me and threw me to the ground; then he knelt over me, beating me. I was a weak man. Umm al-Fadl then went to one of the chamber’s poles, took it, and struck him with it a blow ⦗145/b⦘ that inflicted a terrible head wound upon him. She said, ‘Do you consider him weak merely because his master is absent?’ He then turned away, humiliated. By Allah, he lived only seven nights before Allah afflicted him with a lentil-like pustule that killed him.” (1)

Miqsam narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: The one who captured al-Abbas was Abu al-Yusr, Kab ibn Amr, of Banu Salimah. Abu al-Yusr was a compactly built man, whereas al-Abbas was a large man. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked Abu al-Yusr, “How did you capture al-Abbas?” He replied, “Messenger of Allah, a man whom I had never seen before or since helped me against him. His appearance was such and such.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “A noble angel helped you against him.” (2)

“That is because they defied Allah and His Messenger. And whoever defies Allah and His Messenger—indeed, Allah is severe in punishment. That is yours, so taste it; and for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire. O you who believe, when you meet the disbelievers advancing for battle, do not turn your backs to them. Whoever turns his back to them on that day—unless manoeuvring for battle or joining a company—has incurred wrath from Allah, and his refuge is Hell. What an evil destination!”

“That is because they defied Allah”: that is, they acted in opposition to Allah. “And His Messenger; and whoever defies Allah and His Messenger—indeed, Allah is severe in punishment.”

“That is yours”: that is, this punishment and beating which I hastened for you, O disbelievers, at Badr. “So taste it” promptly. “And for the disbelievers”: that is, know and be certain that the disbelievers have an appointed fate in the Hereafter: “the punishment of the Fire.”

(1) Narrated by al-Tabarani and al-Bazzar. Its chain includes Hasan ibn Abd Allah, whom Abu Hatim and others deemed trustworthy, though a group of scholars considered him weak; the remaining narrators are reliable. (Majma al-Zawaid, 6:89). (2) Narrated by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 1:353. Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 6:86: “Ahmad narrated it, and its chain contains an unnamed narrator; the remaining narrators are reliable.”

إِلَيْهِ وَالنَّاسُ قِيَامٌ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي أَخْبِرْنِي كَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: لَا شَيْءَ وَاللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ إِلَّا أَنْ لَقِينَاهُمْ فَمَنَحْنَاهُمْ أَكْتَافَنَا يَقْتُلُونَنَا وَيَأْسِرُونَنَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا وَأَيْمُ اللَّهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَا لُمْتُ النَّاسَ، لَقِينَا رِجَالًا بَيْضًا عَلَى خَيْلٍ بُلْقٍ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا تَلِيقُ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَقُومُ لَهَا شَيْءٌ، قَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ فَرَفَعْتُ طُنُبَ الْحُجْرَةِ بِيَدِي، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: تِلْكَ وَاللَّهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، قَالَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ يَدَهُ فَضَرَبَ وَجْهِي ضَرْبَةً شَدِيدَةً، فَثَاوَرْتُهُ، فَاحْتَمَلَنِي فَضَرَبَ بِي الْأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ بَرَكَ عَلَيَّ يَضْرِبُنِي، وَكُنْتُ رَجُلًا ضَعِيفًا فَقَامَتْ أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ إِلَى عَمُودٍ مِنْ عُمُدِ الْحُجْرَةِ، فَأَخَذَتْهُ فَضَرَبَتْهُ به ضربة ١٤٥/ب فَلَقَتْ فِي رَأْسِهِ شَجَّةً مُنْكَرَةً، وَقَالَتْ: تَسْتَضْعِفُهُ أَنْ غَابَ عَنْهُ سَيِّدُهُ؟ فَقَامَ مُوَلِّيًا ذَلِيلًا فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عَاشَ إِلَّا سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ حَتَّى رَمَاهُ اللَّهُ بِالْعَدَسَةِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ" (١) . وَرَوَى مِقْسَمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ الَّذِي أَسَرَ الْعَبَّاسَ أَبُو الْيُسْرِ، كَعْبُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَخُو بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو الْيُسْرِ رَجُلًا مَجْمُوعًا، وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ رَجُلًا جَسِيمًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي الْيُسْرِ، كَيْفَ أَسَرْتَ الْعَبَّاسَ؟ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ، هَيْئَتُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَقَدْ أَعَانَكَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ كَرِيمٌ" (٢) . ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (١٣) ذَلِكُمْ فَذُوقُوهُ وَأَنَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ (١٤) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الْأَدْبَارَ (١٥) وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (١٦) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ﴾ خَالَفُوا اللَّهَ، ﴿وَرَسُولَهُ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: هَذَا الْعَذَابُ وَالضَّرْبُ الَّذِي عَجَّلْتُهُ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَا الْكَفَّارُ بِبَدْرٍ، ﴿فَذُوقُوهُ﴾ عَاجِلًا ﴿وَأَنَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ﴾ أَيْ: وَاعْلَمُوا وَأَيْقِنُوا أَنَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ أَجَلًا فِي الْمَعَادِ، ﴿عَذَابَ النَّارِ﴾

(١) رواه الطبراني والبزار، وفي إسناده حسن بن عبد الله، وثقه أبو حاتم وغيره، وضعفه جماعة، وبقية رجاله ثقات. (مجمع الزوائد: ٦ / ٨٩) . (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ٣٥٣ وقال الهيثمي في المجمع: ٦ / ٨٦ "رواه أحمد وفيه راوٍ لم يسمَّ، وبقية رجاله ثقات".