Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/333)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

nodded briefly while he was in the shelter, then awoke and said: “O Abu Bakr, Allah’s help has come to you. Here is Gabriel, holding the reins of a horse he is leading, with dust upon its front teeth.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Ibrahim ibn Musa related to us; Abd al-Wahhab related to us; Khalid related to us, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said on the day of Badr: “Here is Gabriel, holding the head of his horse, with weapons of war upon him.” (2)

Abd Allah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “The distinguishing mark of the angels on the day of Badr was white turbans, and on the day of Hunayn, green turbans. The angels did not fight on any day other than Badr; on all other occasions, they were present only as a number and reinforcement.” (3) 145/A

It is related from Abu Usayd Malik ibn Rabi'ah, who witnessed Badr, that after he had lost his sight, he said: “If I were with you at Badr today and had my sight, I would show you the mountain pass from which the angels emerged.” (4)

“And Allah made it only as good tidings, and so that your hearts might be reassured thereby. Victory comes only from Allah. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. When He caused drowsiness to overcome you as a security from Him, and sent down upon you water from the sky to purify you thereby, remove from you Satan’s defilement, strengthen your hearts, and make your feet firm by it. When your Lord inspired the angels: ‘I am with you, so make firm those who believe. I shall cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve; so strike above the necks, and strike from them every fingertip.’” (10–12)

His saying, Most High: “And Allah made it only”—that is, the reinforcement with the angels—“as good tidings,” meaning, glad news, “and so that your hearts might be reassured thereby. Victory comes only from Allah. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.”

“When He caused drowsiness to overcome you”: Ibn Kathir and Abu Amr recited it as yaghshākum, with the yā' given the a-vowel, and al-nu‘ās in the nominative, indicating that drowsiness is the subject of the verb, as in His saying, Most High, in Surah Al Imran: “A security: drowsiness overcoming a group among you.” (Al Imran 3:154)

(1) A passage from the preceding hadith. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in The Book of Military Expeditions, chapter: “The angels’ presence at Badr,” 7:312. (3) Narrated by al-Tabarani as a mawquf report, stopping at Ibn Abbas. Its chain includes Ammar ibn Abi Malik al-Janbi, whom al-Azdi deemed weak. See Majma al-Zawa'id, 6:83. (4) Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Mardawayh and al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:34.

اللَّهِ ﷺ خَفْقَةً وَهُوَ فِي الْعَرِيشِ ثُمَّ انْتَبَهَ، فَقَالَ: "يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَتَاكَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ، هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ آخِذٌ بِعِنَانِ فَرَسٍ يَقُودُهُ عَلَى ثَنَايَاهُ النَّقْعُ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، ثَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: "هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ آخِذٌ بِرَأْسِ فَرَسِهِ عَلَيْهِ أَدَاةُ الْحَرْبِ" (٢) . وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: كَانَتْ سِيمَا الْمَلَائِكَةِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ عَمَائِمَ بِيضٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ عَمَائِمَ خُضْرٍ، وَلَمْ تقاتل الملائكة ١٤٥/أفِي يَوْمٍ سِوَى يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ، وَكَانُوا يَكُونُونَ فِيمَا سِوَاهُ عَدَدًا وَمَدَدًا (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ مَالِكِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَعْدَمَا ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ: لَوْ كُنْتُ مَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِبَدْرٍ وَمَعِي بَصَرِي لَأَرَيْتُكُمُ الشِّعْبَ الَّذِي خَرَجَتْ مِنْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ (٤) . ﴿وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بُشْرَى وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (١٠) إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ النُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِنْهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ بِهِ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ (١١) إِذْ يُوحِي رَبُّكَ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَنِّي مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا سَأُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ فَاضْرِبُوا فَوْقَ الْأَعْنَاقِ وَاضْرِبُوا مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ (١٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْإِمْدَادَ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ، ﴿إِلَّا بُشْرَى﴾ أَيْ: بِشَارَةً ﴿وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ ﴿إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ النُّعَاسَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو: "يَغْشَاكُمْ" بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ، "النُّعَاسُ" رَفْعٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْفِعْلَ لَهُ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ آلِ عِمْرَانَ "أَمَنَةً نُعَاسًا يَغْشَى طَائِفَةً مِنْكُمْ" (آلُ عِمْرَانَ-١٥٤)

(١) قطعة من الحديث السابق. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب شهود الملائكة بدرا: ٧ / ٣١٢. (٣) رواه الطبراني موقوفا على ابن عباس. وفيه عمار بن أبي مالك الجنبي، ضعّفه الأزدي. انظر: مجمع الزوائد: ٦ / ٨٣. (٤) عزاه السيوطي لابن مردويه والبيهقي في الدلائل، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٣٤.