Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/332)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“When you appealed to your Lord for help, He answered you: ‘I will reinforce you with a thousand angels, coming one after another.’” (9)

“So that He might establish the truth”: that is, so that He might firmly establish Islam. “And abolish falsehood”: that is, destroy disbelief, “even though the criminals”—the polytheists—detest it. The Battle of Badr took place on Friday morning, after seventeen nights of Ramadan had passed.

Allah Most High says, “When you appealed to your Lord for help”: that is, when you sought His protection from your enemy and asked Him for aid and victory. It is narrated from Ibn Abbas that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “When the day of Badr came, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, looked at the polytheists, who numbered a thousand, while his Companions numbered three hundred and some ten men. He and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, entered the shelter, faced the qiblah, and raised his hands, calling earnestly upon his Lord: ‘O Allah, fulfill for me what You have promised me. O Allah, if You destroy this group of the people of Islam, You will no longer be worshipped on earth.’ He continued calling upon his Lord with his hands outstretched until his cloak fell from his shoulders. Abu Bakr took his cloak and placed it back upon his shoulders, then embraced him from behind and said: ‘O Prophet of Allah, enough of your earnest pleading with your Lord, for He will surely fulfill for you what He has promised you.’ Then Allah Most High revealed: ‘When you appealed to your Lord for help’ (1).

“He answered you: ‘I will reinforce you’”: that is, I will send you reinforcements and support. “With a thousand angels, coming one after another.” The people of Madinah and Yaqub recited it as murdafīn, with the dāl given the a-vowel, meaning that Allah reinforced the Muslims with the angels and sent them as reinforcements. The others recited it with the dāl given the i-vowel, meaning: following one another in succession. The expressions ardaftuhu and radiftuhu are both used in the sense of following someone.

It is related that Gabriel descended with five hundred and Michael with five hundred, in [the form] (2) of men, riding piebald horses, dressed in white garments and wearing white turbans, whose ends they had let hang between their shoulders (3).

It is also related that, when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, implored his Lord, and Abu Bakr said, “Allah will surely fulfill for you what He has promised you,” the Messenger of Allah

(1) Recorded by Muslim in Jihad and Expeditions, chapter: “The reinforcement by angels at the Battle of Badr,” no. 1763, 3:1383-1385; and in al-Musannaf, Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:379. (2) In manuscript B: “description.” (3) Recorded by Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Mardawayh on the authority of Ibn Abbas. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:27.

﴿إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ (٩) ﴾ ﴿لِيُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ﴾ لِيُثَبِّتَ الْإِسْلَامَ، ﴿وَيُبْطِلَ الْبَاطِلَ﴾ أَيْ: يُفْنِي الْكُفْرَ ﴿وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُجْرِمُونَ﴾ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. وَكَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ صَبِيحَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ﴾ تَسْتَجِيرُونَ بِهِ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَتَطْلُبُونَ مِنْهُ الْغَوْثَ وَالنَّصْرَ. رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ نَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَهُمْ أَلْفٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ الْعَرِيشَ هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ﵁، وَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ وَمَدَّ يَدَهُ فَجَعَلَ يَهْتِفُ بِرَبِّهِ ﷿: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِزْ لِي مَا وَعَدْتِنِي، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَهْلَكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا تُعْبَدُ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَمَا زَالَ يَهْتِفُ بِرَبِّهِ ﷿ مَادًّا يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى سَقَطَ رِدَاؤُهُ عَنْ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، فَأَخَذَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رِدَاءَهُ فَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَى مَنْكِبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ الْتَزَمَهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ وَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ الله كفاك منا شدتك رَبَّكَ فَإِنَّهُ سَيُنْجِزُ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ "إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ" (١) ﴿فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ﴾ مُرْسِلٌ إِلَيْكُمْ مَدَدًا وَرِدْءًا لَكُمْ، ﴿بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَيَعْقُوبُ "مُرْدَفِينَ" بِفَتْحِ الدَّالِّ، أَيْ: أَرْدَفَ اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَجَاءَ بِهِمْ مَدَدًا. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِكَسْرِ الدَّالِ، أَيْ: مُتَتَابِعِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي إِثْرِ بَعْضٍ، يُقَالُ: أَرْدَفْتُهُ وَرَدِفْتُهُ بِمَعْنَى تَبِعْتُهُ. يُرْوَى أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ فِي خَمْسِمِائَةٍ وَمِيكَائِيلُ فِي خَمْسِمِائَةٍ فِي [صُورَةِ] (٢) الرِّجَالِ عَلَى خَيْلٍ بُلْقٍ عَلَيْهِمْ ثِيَابٌ بِيضٌ وَعَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ عَمَائِمُ بِيضٌ، قَدْ أَرْخَوْا أَطْرَافَهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِهِمْ (٣) . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا نَاشَدَ رَبَّهُ ﷿ وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُنْجِزٌ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ فَخَفَقَ رَسُولُ

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الجهاد والسير، باب الإمداد بالملائكة في غزوة بدر (١٧٦٣) : ٣ / ١٣٨٣-١٣٨٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٧٩. (٢) في "ب": (صفة) . (٣) أخرجه ابن جرير، وابن المنذر، وابن مردويه عن ابن عباس: انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٧.