Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/331)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

according to what Allah has shown you; we are with you. By Allah, we shall not say to you as the Children of Israel said to Moses: “Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we will remain seated here.” Rather, we say: “Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we shall fight alongside you both.” By Him who sent you with the truth, if you were to lead us to Bark al-Ghimad—meaning the land of Abyssinia—we would fight alongside you against all who stood in your way until you reached it.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, praised him and supplicated for good on his behalf.

Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Advise me, O people.” He meant the Ansar, for they formed the greater part of the force. When they pledged allegiance to him at al-Aqabah, they had said, “O Messenger of Allah, we bear no responsibility for your protection until you arrive in our land. Once you arrive among us, you will be under our protection: we shall defend you as we defend our own sons and women.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, therefore feared that the Ansar might consider themselves obliged to support him only against an enemy who attacked him in Medina, and that they were not obliged to march with him against an enemy outside their land.

When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said this, Sad ibn Muadh said to him, “By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, it seems that you mean us.”

He said, “Yes.”

Sad said, “We have believed in you, affirmed your truthfulness, and testified that what you have brought us is the truth. Upon this, we have given you [pledges and covenants] (1) to hear and obey. So proceed, O Messenger of Allah, with what you intend. By Him who sent you with the truth, if you were to lead us to this sea and plunge into it, we would plunge into it with you; not a single man among us would remain behind. Nor are we reluctant for you to meet our enemy with us tomorrow. We are steadfast in war and true in battle. Perhaps Allah will show you from us that which will delight your eye. So march with us under Allah’s blessing.”

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was pleased by Sad’s words, and they encouraged him. He then said, “March with Allah’s blessing and rejoice, for Allah has promised me one of the two parties. By Allah, it is as though I can now see the places where these men will fall.”

Thabit reported from Anas that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “This is where so-and-so will fall, and this is where so-and-so will fall,” pointing with his hand to the ground here and there. He said: Not one of them fell away from the spot indicated by the hand of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.

This is the meaning of His saying, Exalted is He: “And when Allah promised you one of the two parties—that it would be yours”: that is, one of the two groups—Abu Sufyan with the caravan, and Abu Jahl with the armed force.

“And you wished”—that is, desired—“that the party without armed strength would be yours”: meaning, the caravan, in which there would be no fighting. The expression denotes severity and strength; it may also refer to weapons.

(1) In manuscript B: “our covenants and treaties.”

لِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ فَنَحْنُ مَعَكَ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا نَقُولُ لَكَ كَمَا قَالَتْ بَنُو إسرائيل لموسى: اذهب أَنْتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ، وَلَكِنْ نَقُولُ: اذْهَبْ أَنْتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا مَعَكُمَا مُقَاتِلُونَ، فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَوْ سِرْتَ بِنَا إِلَى بَرْكِ الْغَمَادِ يَعْنِي مَدِينَةَ الْحَبَشَةِ، لَجَالَدْنَا مَعَكَ مَنْ دُونَهُ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْرًا وَدَعَا لَهُ بِخَيْرٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ" وَإِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الْأَنْصَارَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ عَدَدُ النَّاسِ وَأَنَّهُمْ حِينَ بَايَعُوهُ بِالْعَقَبَةِ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا بَرَاءٌ مِنْ ذِمَامِكَ حَتَّى تَصِلَ إِلَى دَارِنَا، فَإِذَا وَصَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا فَأَنْتَ فِي ذِمَامِنَا نَمْنَعُكَ مِمَّا نَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَنَا، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ الْأَنْصَارُ تَرَى عَلَيْهَا نُصْرَتَهُ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ دَهَمَهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ، وَأَنْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَسِيرَ بِهِمْ إِلَى عَدُوٍّ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ: وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّكَ تُرِيدُنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: أَجَلْ. قَالَ: قَدْ آمَنَّا بِكَ وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ وَشَهِدْنَا أَنَّ مَا جِئْتَنَا بِهِ هُوَ الْحَقُّ أَعْطَيْنَاكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ [عُهُودًا وَمَوَاثِيقَ] (١) عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، فَامْضِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لِمَا أَرَدْتَ فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَوِ اسْتَعْرَضْتَ بِنَا هَذَا الْبَحْرَ فَخُضْتَهُ لَخُضْنَاهُ مَعَكَ مَا تَخَلَّفَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَمَا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَلْقَى بِنَا عَدُوَّنَا غَدًا إِنَّا لَصُبُرٌ عِنْدَ الْحَرْبِ صُدُقٌ فِي اللِّقَاءِ وَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُرِيكَ مِنَّا مَا تَقَرُّ بِهِ عَيْنُكَ، فَسِرْ بِنَا عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ، فَسُرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَوْلِ سَعْدٍ وَنَشَّطَهَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "سِيرُوا عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ وَأَبْشِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ وَعَدَنِي إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، وَاللَّهِ لِكَأَنِيٍّ الْآنَ أَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَصَارِعِ الْقَوْمِ". قَالَ ثَابِتٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هَذَا مَصْرَعُ فُلَانٍ وَهَذَا مَصْرَعُ فُلَانٍ"، قَالَ وَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ هَاهُنَا وَهَاهُنَا، قَالَ فَمَا مَاطَ أَحَدٌ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ يَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللَّهُ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: الْفَرِيقَيْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ مَعَ الْعِيرِ وَالْأُخْرَى أَبُو جَهْلٍ مَعَ النَّفِيرِ. ﴿وَتَوَدُّونَ﴾ أَيْ: تُرِيدُونَ ﴿أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الْعِيرَ الَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا قِتَالٌ. وَالشَّوْكَةُ: الشِّدَّةُ وَالْقُوَّةُ. وَيُقَالُ السِّلَاحُ.

(١) في "ب": (عهودنا ومواثيقنا) .