Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/321)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Makhul, from Mahmud ibn al-Rabi', from 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, led us in the dawn prayer, and the recitation became difficult for him. When he had finished, he said, “I see that you are reciting behind your imam.” We said, “Yes, Messenger of Allah, by Allah.” He said, “Do not do so except with the Opening Chapter, for there is no prayer for one who does not recite it.” (1)

“And remember your Lord within yourself, in humility and fear, and without raising your voice, morning and evening; and do not be among the heedless. Indeed, those who are near your Lord are not too proud to worship Him; they glorify Him, and to Him they prostrate.” (205–206)

Regarding His saying, “And remember your Lord within yourself”: Ibn 'Abbas said: What is meant by remembrance is recitation in prayer—that is, one should recite quietly to oneself. “In humility and fear” means in fear: that is, humble yourself before Me and fear Me. This applies to the silent prayer.

As for His saying, “and without raising your voice,” this refers to the audible prayer: do not recite excessively loudly; rather, recite in a low and calm voice, audible to those behind you. Mujahid and Ibn Jurayj said: He commanded them to remember Him inwardly, humbling themselves before Him in supplication and submission, without raising their voices or shouting in supplication. “Morning and evening; and do not be among the heedless”: that is, in the early mornings and evenings. The singular of asal is asil, just as ayman is the plural of yamin. It is the time between the afternoon prayer and sunset.

“Indeed, those who are near your Lord” means the angels who have been brought near through distinction and honor. “Are not too proud” means they are not arrogant. “To worship Him; they glorify Him” means they declare Him free of all imperfection and remember Him, saying, “Glory be to Allah.” “And to Him they prostrate.”

Ahmad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; 'Abd al-Rahim ibn Munib related to us; Ya'la ibn 'Ubayd related from al-A'mash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When the son of Adam recites a verse of prostration and then prostrates, Satan withdraws weeping and says: ‘Woe is me! This man was commanded to prostrate, and he prostrated, so Paradise is his. I was commanded to prostrate, but I disobeyed, so the Fire is mine.’” (2)

'Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sam'an related to us; Abu Ja'far related to us.

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Salah, chapter: Whoever omits recitation in his prayer, 1:390; al-Tirmidhi in al-Salah, chapter: What has been narrated concerning recitation behind the imam, 2:226-227. He said: “The hadith of Ubadah is hasan.” Al-Daraqutni, 1:318, said: “Its chain is hasan.” It was authenticated by al-Hakim, 1:318, and Ibn Hibban, p. 127 of Mawarid al-Zaman. It was also reported by al-Bukhari in Juz al-Qiraah khalf al-Imam, and by al-Bayhaqi in al-Qiraah; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:82. (2) Reported by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: Applying the term kufr (disbelief) to one who abandons prayer, no. 81, 1:87; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:147.

مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ﵁، قَالَ: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الصُّبْحَ فَثَقُلَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقِرَاءَةُ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: "إِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ تَقْرَأُونَ وَرَاءَ إِمَامِكُمْ"؟ قَالَ: قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِيِ وَاللَّهِ، قَالَ: "لَا تَفْعَلُوا إِلَّا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِهَا" (١) . ﴿وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ فِي نَفْسِكَ تَضَرُّعًا وَخِيفَةً وَدُونَ الْجَهْرِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ وَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ (٢٠٥) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَيُسَبِّحُونَهُ وَلَهُ يَسْجُدُونَ (٢٠٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ فِي نَفْسِكَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي بِالذِّكْرِ: الْقِرَاءَةَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، يُرِيدُ يَقْرَأُ سِرًّا فِي نَفْسِهِ، ﴿تَضَرُّعًا وَخِيفَةً﴾ خَوْفًا، أَيْ: تَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَيَّ وَتَخَافُ مِنِّي هَذَا فِي صَلَاةِ السِّرِّ. وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَدُونَ الْجَهْرِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ﴾ أَرَادَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجَهْرِ لَا تَجْهَرْ جَهْرًا شَدِيدًا، بَلْ فِي خَفْضٍ وَسُكُونٍ، يَسْمَعُ مَنْ خَلْفَكَ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَمَرَ أَنْ يَذْكُرُوهُ فِي الصُّدُورِ بِالتَّضَرُّعِ إِلَيْهِ فِي الدُّعَاءِ وَالِاسْتِكَانَةِ دُونَ رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ وَالصِّيَاحِ بِالدُّعَاءِ ﴿بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ وَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ﴾ أَيْ: بِالْبُكَرِ وَالْعَشِيَّاتِ، وَاحِدُ آصَالٍ: أَصِيلٌ مِثْلَ يَمِينٍ وَأَيْمَانٍ، وَهُوَ مَا بَيْنَ الْعَصْرِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ. ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَلَائِكَةَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ بِالْفَضْلِ وَالْكَرَامَةِ، ﴿لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ﴾ لَا يَتَكَبَّرُونَ، ﴿عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَيُسَبِّحُونَهُ﴾ وَيُنَزِّهُونَهُ وَيَذْكُرُونَهُ، فَيَقُولُونَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ. ﴿وَلَهُ يَسْجُدُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ، ثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِذَا قَرَأَ ابْنُ آدَمَ السَّجْدَةَ فَسَجَدَ اعْتَزَلَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَبْكِي، فَيَقُولُ: يَا وَيْلَهُ أُمِرَ هَذَا بِالسُّجُودِ فَسَجَدَ فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَأُمِرْتُ بِالسُّجُودِ فَعَصَيْتُ فَلِيَ النَّارُ" (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ ثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة، باب من ترك القراءة في صلاته: ١ / ٣٩٠، والترمذي في الصلاة، باب ما جاء في القراءة خلف الإمام: ٢ / ٢٢٦-٢٢٧، وقال: حديث عبادة حديث حسن، والدارقطني: ١ / ٣١٨ وقال: إسناد حسن. وصححه الحاكم: ١ / ٣١٨، وابن حبان ص (١٢٧) من موارد الظمآن، وأخرجه البخاري في جزء القراءة خلف الإمام، والبيهقي أيضا في القراءة: وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ٨٢. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب إطلاق اسم الكفر على من ترك الصلاة (٨١) : ١ / ٨٧ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ١٤٧.