Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Say, ‘I have no power to benefit or harm myself, except as Allah wills. Had I known the unseen, I would have acquired much good, and no harm would have touched me. I am only a warner and a bearer of good news for a people who believe.’” (188)

“Say, ‘I have no power to benefit or harm myself, except as Allah wills.’” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The people of Mecca said, “O Muhammad, why does your Lord not inform you when prices are low before they rise, so that you may buy and profit when prices become high? And why does He not inform you of the land that is about to become drought-stricken, so that you may leave it for land that has become fertile?” Thereupon Allah Most High revealed, “Say, ‘I have no power to benefit myself.’” (1) That is, I am unable to procure benefit for myself by making a profit, or to ward off harm by leaving a land that is about to become drought-stricken—except for whatever Allah wills me to possess.

“Had I known the unseen, I would have acquired much good, and no harm would have touched me.” That is, had I known of fertility and drought, I would have accumulated much good—that is, wealth—for the year of famine; and no harm would have touched me, meaning hardship, poverty, and hunger.

(1) Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul (Occasions of Revelation), p. 263.
﴿قُلْ لَا أَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعًا وَلَا ضَرًّا إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ السُّوءُ إِنْ أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ (١٨٨) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ لَا أَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعًا وَلَا ضَرًّا إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: إِنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ قَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَلَّا يُخْبِرُكَ رَبُّكَ بِالسِّعْرِ الرَّخِيصِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْلُوَ فَتَشْتَرِيَهُ وَتَرْبَحَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ الْغَلَاءِ؟ وَبِالْأَرْضِ الَّتِي يريد أن تجذب فَتَرْتَحِلَ مِنْهَا إِلَى مَا قَدْ أَخْصَبَتْ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى "قُلْ لَا أَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعًا" (١) أَيْ: لَا أَقْدِرُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعًا، أَيِ: اجْتِلَابَ نَفْعٍ بِأَنْ أَرْبَحَ وَلَا ضُرًّا، أَيْ دَفْعَ ضُرٍّ بِأَنْ أَرْتَحِلَ مَنْ أَرْضٍ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَجْدِبَ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ أَمْلِكَهُ. ﴿وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ السُّوءُ﴾ أَيْ: لَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ الْخِصْبَ وَالْجَدْبَ لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ، أَيْ: مِنَ الْمَالِ لِسَنَةِ الْقَحْطِ ﴿وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ السُّوءُ﴾ أَيِ: الضُّرُّ وَالْفَقْرُ وَالْجُوعُ.
(١) أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٦٣) .

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