Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/282)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Hell; He warns you against becoming like them.

Qatadah and others said: “I shall bring you into Greater Syria and show you the dwelling places of the former generations who defied Allah’s command, so that you may take heed from them.” ‘Atiyyah al-‘Awfi said: He meant the abode of Pharaoh and his people, namely Egypt. This is indicated by the reading of Qasamah ibn Zuhayr: “I will show you the abode of the defiantly disobedient.” Al-Suddi said: The abode of the defiantly disobedient is the places where the disbelievers were struck down. Al-Kalbi said: It refers to the dwellings of ‘Ad, Thamud, and the generations that were destroyed, which they passed by when they travelled.

“I will turn away from My signs those who are arrogant upon the earth without right. Even if they see every sign, they will not believe in it; and if they see the path of right guidance, they will not take it as a way; but if they see the path of error, they will take it as a way. That is because they denied Our signs and were heedless of them. (146) Those who deny Our signs and the meeting of the Hereafter—their deeds have come to nothing. Are they recompensed except for what they used to do? (147)”

The Exalted says: “I will turn away from My signs those who are arrogant upon the earth without right.” Ibn ‘Abbas said: He means those who behave tyrannically toward My servants and wage war against My devoted servants, such that they do not believe in Me. That is, “I shall turn them away from accepting and affirming My signs.” They were punished by being deprived of guidance because of their obstinacy toward the truth, as in His words: “So when they deviated, Allah caused their hearts to deviate.”

Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah said: “I shall prevent them from understanding the Quran.” Ibn Jurayj said: It refers to the creation of the heavens and the earth and all that they contain; that is, I shall turn them away from reflecting upon them and taking heed from them. It was also said that the ruling of the verse applies specifically to the people of Egypt, and that the signs meant are the nine signs which Allah gave to Moses, peace be upon him. The majority, however, hold that the verse is general: “Even if they see”—that is, these arrogant people—(1) “every sign, they will not believe in it; and if they see the path of right guidance.”

Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited it as rashad, with a short a-vowel on both the r and the sh; the others recited it as rushd, with a short u-vowel on the r and no vowel on the sh. Both are dialectal variants, like suqm and saqam (illness), bukhl and bakhal (miserliness), and huzn and hazan (sorrow).

Abu ‘Amr distinguished between them, saying: rushd, with a u-vowel, means soundness in a matter, whereas rashad, with an a-vowel, means uprightness in religion. The meaning of the verse is: if they see the path of guidance and right conduct, they will not adopt it as a way for themselves; but if they see the path of error—that is, the path of misguidance—they will adopt it as a way. “That is because they denied Our signs and were heedless of them”—heedless and inattentive to reflecting upon them and taking admonition from them.

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “B”.

جَهَنَّمَ، يُحَذِّرُكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونُوا مَثَلَهُمْ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ: سَأُدْخِلُكُمْ الشَّأْمَ فَأُرِيكُمْ مَنَازِلَ الْقُرُونِ الْمَاضِيَةِ الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوا أَمْرَ اللَّهِ لِتَعْتَبِرُوا بِهَا. قَالَ عَطِيَّةُ الْعَوْفِيُّ: أَرَادَ دَارَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمِهِ وَهِيَ مِصْرُ، يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قِرَاءَةُ قَسَامَةَ بن زهير: "سأوريكم دَارَ الْفَاسِقِينَ"، وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: دَارُ الْفَاسِقِينَ مُصَارِعُ الْكُفَّارِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: مَا مَرُّوا عَلَيْهِ إِذَا سَافَرُوا مِنْ مَنَازِلِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَالْقُرُونِ الَّذِينَ أُهْلِكُوا. ﴿سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِيَ الَّذِينَ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَإِنْ يَرَوْا كُلَّ آيَةٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَا وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الرُّشْدِ لَا يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الْغَيِّ يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا عَنْهَا غَافِلِينَ (١٤٦) وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَلِقَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ هَلْ يُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (١٤٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِيَ الَّذِينَ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ الَّذِينَ يَتَجَبَّرُونَ عَلَى عِبَادِي وَيُحَارِبُونَ أَوْلِيَائِي حَتَّى لَا يُؤْمِنُوا بِي، يَعْنِي: سَأَصْرِفُهُمْ عَنْ قَبُولِ آيَاتِي وَالتَّصْدِيقِ بِهَا عُوقِبُوا بِحِرْمَانِ الْهِدَايَةِ لِعِنَادِهِمْ لِلْحَقِّ، كَقَوْلِهِ: (فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ) . قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: سَأَمْنَعُهُمْ فَهْمَ الْقُرْآنِ. قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: يَعْنِي عن خلق السموات وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا فِيهَا أَيْ أَصْرِفُهُمْ عَنْ أَنْ يَتَفَكَّرُوا فِيهَا وَيَعْتَبِرُوا بِهَا. وَقِيلَ: حُكْمُ الْآيَةِ لِأَهْلِ مِصْرَ خَاصَّةً، وَأَرَادَ بِالْآيَاتِ الْآيَاتِ التِّسْعَ الَّتِي أَعْطَاهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُوسَى ﵇. وَالْأَكْثَرُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْآيَةَ عَامَّةٌ ﴿وَإِنْ يَرَوْا﴾ [يَعْنِي: هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ] (١) ﴿كُلَّ آيَةٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَا وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الرُّشْدِ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ "الرَّشَدِ" بِفَتْحِ الرَّاءِ وَالشِّينِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ الرَّاءِ وَسُكُونِ الشِّينِ وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ كَالسُّقْمِ وَالسَّقَمِ وَالْبُخْلِ وَالْبَخَلِ وَالْحُزْنِ وَالْحَزَنِ. وَكَانَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَيَقُولُ: الرُّشْدُ -بِالضَّمِّ -الصَّلَاحُ فِي الْأَمْرِ، وَبِالْفَتْحِ الِاسْتِقَامَةُ فِي الدِّينِ. مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: إِنْ يَرَوْا طَرِيقَ الْهُدَى وَالسَّدَادِ ﴿لَا يَتَّخِذُوهُ﴾ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ﴿سَبِيلًا﴾ ﴿وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الْغَيِّ﴾ أَيْ طَرِيقَ الضَّلَالِ ﴿يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا عَنْهَا غَافِلِينَ﴾ عَنِ التَّفْكِيرِ فِيهَا وَالِاتِّعَاظِ بِهَا غَافِلِينَ سَاهِينَ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".