Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

would say, “We shall do it, if Allah wills. So make them my community.” He said, “It is the community of Muhammad.”

Moses said, “My Lord, I find a community who consume their expiatory offerings and their charitable alms, whereas the earlier peoples used to burn their charitable offerings with fire. They answer the call and their prayers are answered; they intercede and their intercession is accepted. So make them my community.” He said, “It is the community of Muhammad.”

He said, “My Lord, I find a community such that, whenever one of them ascends a height, he magnifies Allah, and whenever he descends into a valley, he praises Allah. Clean earth is a means of purification for them, and the earth is a place of prayer for them wherever they may be. When they cannot find water, they purify themselves from major ritual impurity with clean earth, just as they purify themselves with water. They will come radiant and marked on their limbs by the traces of ablution. So make them my community.” He said, “It is the community of Muhammad.”

He said, “My Lord, I find a community such that, if one of them intends a good deed but does not perform it, a good deed equal to it is recorded for him; and if he performs it, it is recorded for him tenfold, up to seven hundred times over. If he intends an evil deed but does not commit it, it is not recorded against him; but if he commits it, a single evil deed equal to it is recorded against him. So make them my community.” He said, “It is the community of Ahmad.”

He said, “My Lord, I find a community shown mercy, though weak, who inherit the Book: ‘Then We gave the Book as inheritance to those of Our servants whom We chose. Among them are those who wrong themselves, some who are moderate, and some who excel in good deeds.’ Yet I find none among them except that he is shown mercy. So make them my community.” He said, “It is the community of Muhammad.”

He said, “My Lord, I find a community whose copies of the Quran are within their breasts. They wear garments in the colors of the people of Paradise; in their prayer they stand in rows like the rows of the angels; the sounds in their mosques are like the buzzing of bees. None of them shall ever enter the Fire, except one who sees the reckoning as one sees a stone from beyond al-Shihr. So make them my community.” He said, “It is the community of Ahmad.”

When Moses marveled at the goodness Allah had granted Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and his community, he said, “Would that I were among the companions of Muhammad and his community!” Allah then revealed to him three verses by which He satisfied him: “O Moses, I have chosen you above all people by entrusting you with My messages and by speaking to you,” up to His words, “I will show you the abode of the defiantly disobedient”; and, “Among the people of Moses is a community that guides by the truth and judges by it.” Thus Moses was fully satisfied. (2)

“And We wrote for him upon the Tablets an admonition concerning all things and a detailed explanation of all things: ‘Take hold of them firmly, and command your people to uphold the best of them. I will show you the abode of the defiantly disobedient.’” (145)

His saying, exalted is He, “And We wrote for him,” means: for Moses; “upon the Tablets.” Ibn Abbas said: He means the tablets of

(1) In manuscript B: “their Gospels.” (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it to Abu Nu'aym in al-Dala'il, from Abd al-Rahman al-Maghafiri, from Ka'b al-Ahbar, as a mawquf report (a report ending with Ka'b). See al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:557-558. Al-Tabari also narrated a similar report from Qatada as the occasion for the revelation of Allah's saying, “And he cast down the Tablets,” though al-Baghawi did not mention this in his narration. Ibn Atiyyah al-Andalusi said in his Tafsir, 6:87: “This is a reprehensible statement, and Moses, peace be upon him, should not be described in such terms.” Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: “Ibn Jarir narrated from Qatada a strange report concerning this matter, but its chain of transmission from Qatada is unsound. Ibn Atiyyah and a number of other scholars rejected it, and it indeed deserves to be rejected. It seems that Qatada received it from some of the People of the Book, among whom are liars, fabricators, impostors, and heretics.” See Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 2:249. Al-Qurtubi said: “No attention should be paid to what was reported from Qatada, even if it were authentic—which it is not—that Moses cast down the Tablets only because he saw the superiority of Muhammad's ummah and that this was not granted to his own people. This is a reprehensible statement and should not be attributed to Moses, peace be upon him.” Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 7:288.
قَالُوا نَفْعَلُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَاجْعَلْهُمْ أُمَّتِي، قَالَ: هِيَ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي أَجِدُ أُمَّةً يَأْكُلُونَ كَفَّارَاتِهِمْ وَصَدَقَاتِهِمْ، وَكَانَ الْأَوَّلُونَ يَحْرِقُونَ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ بِالنَّارِ، وَهُمُ الْمُسْتَجِيبُونَ وَالْمُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ الشَّافِعُونَ الْمَشْفُوعُ لَهُمْ فَاجْعَلْهُمْ أُمَّتِي، قَالَ: هِيَ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ إِنِّي أَجِدُ أُمَّةً إِذَا أَشْرَفَ أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى شَرَفٍ كَبَّرَ اللَّهَ فَإِذَا هَبَطَ وَادِيًا حَمِدَ اللَّهَ، الصَّعِيدُ لَهُمْ طَهُورٌ وَالْأَرْضُ لَهُمْ مَسْجِدٌ حَيْثُ مَا كَانُوا، يَتَطَهَّرُونَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ طَهُورُهُمْ بِالصَّعِيدِ كَطَهُورِهِمْ بِالْمَاءِ حَيْثُ لَا يَجِدُونَ الْمَاءَ، غُرٌّ مُحَجَّلُونَ مِنْ آثَارِ الْوُضُوءِ فَاجْعَلْهُمْ أُمَّتِي، قَالَ: هِيَ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي أَجِدُ أُمَّةً إِذَا هَمَّ أَحَدُهُمْ بِحَسَنَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ مِثْلُهَا وَإِنَّ عَمِلَهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ ضِعْفَ عَشْرَةِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ، وَإِذَا هَمَّ بِسَيِّئَةٍ وَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا لَمْ تُكْتَبْ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا، فَاجْعَلْهُمْ أُمَّتِي، قَالَ: هِيَ أُمَّةُ أَحْمَدَ، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنِّي أَجِدُ أُمَّةً مَرْحُومَةً ضُعَفَاءَ يَرِثُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ وَلَا أَجِدُ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا مَرْحُومًا فَاجْعَلْهُمْ أُمَّتِي، قَالَ: هِيَ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ إِنِّي أَجِدُ أُمَّةً [مَصَاحِفُهُمْ] (١) فِي صُدُورِهِمْ يَلْبَسُونَ أَلْوَانَ ثِيَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يُصَفُّونَ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ صُفُوفَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَصْوَاتُهُمْ فِي مَسَاجِدِهِمْ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ لَا يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ أَبَدًا إِلَّا مَنْ يَرَى الْحِسَابَ مِثْلَ مَا يَرَى الْحَجَرَ من وراء الشحر، فَاجْعَلْهُمْ أُمَّتِي، قَالَ: هِيَ أُمَّةُ أَحْمَدَ، فَلَمَّا عَجِبَ مُوسَى مِنَ الْخَيْرِ الَّذِي أَعْطَى اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَأُمَّتَهُ قَالَ: يَا لَيْتَنِي مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأُمَّتِهِ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ يُرْضِيهِ بِهِنَّ: "يَا مُوسَى إِنِّي اصْطَفَيْتُكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِرِسَالَاتِي وَبِكَلَامِي" إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: "سَأُرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَاسِقِينَ، وَمِنْ قَوْمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ"، فَرَضِيَ مُوسَى كُلَّ الرِّضَا" (٢) . ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَوْعِظَةً وَتَفْصِيلًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُوا بِأَحْسَنِهَا سَأُرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (١٤٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ﴾ يَعْنِي لِمُوسَى، ﴿فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ أَلْوَاحَ
(١) في "ب": أناجيلهم. (٢) عزاه السيوطي لأبي نعيم في الدلائل عن عبد الرحمن المغافري عن كعب الأحبار موقوفا عليه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٣ / ٥٥٧-٥٥٨، وبنحوه أخرجه الطبري أيضا عن قتادة سببا لنزول قوله تعالى: "وألقى الألواح" ولم يذكر ذلك البغوي في روايته. قال ابن عطية الأندلسي في تفسيره: ٦ / ٨٧ "وهذا قول رديء لا ينبغي أن يوصف موسى ﵇ به". وقال الحافظ ابن كثير: "وروى ابن جرير عن قتادة في هذا قولا غريبا، لا يصح إسناده إلى حكاية قتادة، وقد رده ابن عطية وغير واحد من العلماء، وهو جدير بالرد، وكأنه تلقاه قتادة عن بعض أهل الكتاب، وفيهم كذابون ووضاعون وأفاكون وزنادقة". انظر: تفسير ابن كثير: ٢ / ٢٤٩. وقال القرطبي: "ولا التفات لما روي عن قتادة إن صح، ولا يصح أن إلقاء الألواح إنما كان لما رأى من فضيلة أمة محمد ﷺ ولم يكن ذلك لأمته، وهذا قول رديء لا ينبغي أن يضاف إلى موسى ﵇". تفسير القرطبي: ٧ / ٢٨٨.

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