Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/272)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Zayd ibn Aslam said: The blood that was inflicted upon them was nosebleeding. So they came to Moses and said, “O Moses, call upon your Lord to remove this blood from us, and we shall believe in you and send the Children of Israel with you.” So he called upon his Lord, Exalted is He, and He removed it from them; yet they did not believe. This is the meaning of His saying, Exalted is He: “So We sent upon them the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs, and the blood as distinct signs”—each one following the other. Their distinctness consisted in the fact that each punishment lasted a week, with a month between each two punishments: “Yet they were arrogant and were a sinful people.”

“And when the punishment fell upon them, they said, ‘O Moses, call upon your Lord for us by what He has promised you. If you remove the punishment from us, we shall surely believe you, and we shall surely send the Children of Israel with you.’ (134) But when We removed the punishment from them until a term they were bound to reach, they immediately broke their word. (135) So We took retribution from them and drowned them in the sea, because they denied Our signs and were heedless of them.” (136)

His saying, Exalted is He, “And when the punishment fell upon them,” means: when the punishment mentioned by Allah—Exalted is He—came down upon them, namely the flood and the other afflictions. Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: The punishment was the plague, the sixth punishment after the [five] signs. (1) Seventy thousand of them died from it in a single day, and by evening they were unable to bury one another. “They said”—that is, to Moses—“O Moses, call upon your Lord for us by what He has promised you,” meaning, by that which He instructed you. ‘Ata’ said: By that which He informed you of. It was also said: by His promise to answer your supplication. “If you remove the punishment from us”—that is, the plague—“we shall surely believe you, and we shall surely send the Children of Israel with you.”

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zahīr ibn Ahmad related to us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimī related to us; Abu Mus‘ab related to us from Malik, from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, from Abu al-Nadr, the freedman of ‘Umar ibn ‘Ubayd Allah, from ‘Amir ibn Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas, from his father, that he heard his father ask Usamah ibn Zayd: “Did you hear anything from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, concerning the plague?” Usamah ibn Zayd replied: [The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:] (2) “The plague is a punishment sent upon the Children of Israel, or upon those who came before you. If you hear that it has occurred in a land, do not enter it; and if it occurs in a land while you are in it, do not leave it in flight from it.” (3)

His saying, Exalted is He, “But when We removed the punishment from them until a term they were bound to reach,” means: until their drowning in the sea. “They immediately broke their word”: that is, they violated the covenant.

(1) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (2) Omitted from manuscript “B.” (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Anbiya, 6:513; by Muslim in al-Salam, “Chapter on the Plague, Bad Omens, Soothsaying, and Similar Matters,” no. 2218, 4:1737; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:254.

قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ: الدَّمُ الَّذِي سُلِّطَ عَلَيْهِمْ كَانَ الرُّعَافَ، فَأَتَوْا مُوسَى وَقَالُوا يَا مُوسَى ادْعُ رَبَّكَ يَكْشِفُ عَنَّا هَذَا الدَّمَ فَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ وَنُرْسِلُ مَعَكَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ ﷿ فَكَشَفَ عَنْهُمْ، فَلَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الطُّوفَانَ وَالْجَرَادَ وَالْقُمَّلَ وَالضَّفَادِعَ وَالدَّمَ آيَاتٍ مُفَصَّلَاتٍ﴾ يَتْبَعُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا. وَتَفْصِيلُهَا أَنَّ كُلَّ عَذَابٍ يَمْتَدُّ أُسْبُوعًا، وَبَيْنَ كُلِّ عَذَابَيْنِ شَهْرًا، ﴿فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا مُجْرِمِينَ﴾ ﴿وَلَمَّا وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّجْزُ قَالُوا يَا مُوسَى ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ لَئِنْ كَشَفْتَ عَنَّا الرِّجْزَ لَنُؤْمِنَنَّ لَكَ وَلَنُرْسِلَنَّ مَعَكَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ (١٣٤) فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْزَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ هُمْ بَالِغُوهُ إِذَا هُمْ يَنْكُثُونَ (١٣٥) فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ فِي الْيَمِّ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا عَنْهَا غَافِلِينَ (١٣٦) ﴾ ﴿وَلَمَّا وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّجْزُ﴾ أَيْ: نَزَلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُوَ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنَ الطُّوفَانِ وَغَيْرِهِ.. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: الرِّجْزُ الطَّاعُونُ، وَهُوَ الْعَذَابُ السَّادِسُ بَعْدَ الْآيَاتِ [الْخَمْسِ] (١) حَتَّى مَاتَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا فِي يَوْمٍ احد، فأمسوا وهو لَا يَتَدَافَنُونَ ﴿قَالُوا﴾ لِمُوسَى ﴿يَا مُوسَى ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ﴾ أَيْ: بِمَا أَوْصَاكَ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: بِمَا نَبَّأَكَ. وَقِيلَ: بِمَا عَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ إِجَابَةِ دَعْوَتِكَ ﴿لَئِنْ كَشَفْتَ عَنَّا الرِّجْزَ﴾ وَهُوَ الطَّاعُونُ ﴿لَنُؤْمِنَنَّ لَكَ وَلَنُرْسِلَنَّ مَعَكَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ ثَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ثَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَسْأَلُ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: أَسَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الطَّاعُونِ؟ فَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: [قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ] (٢) "الطَّاعُونُ رِجْزٌ أُرْسِلَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَوْ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، فَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَقْدُمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ" (٣) قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْزَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ هُمْ بَالِغُوهُ﴾ يَعْنِي: إِلَى الْغَرَقِ فِي الْيَمِّ ﴿إِذَا هُمْ يَنْكُثُونَ﴾ يَنْقُضُونَ الْعَهْدَ.

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء: ٦ / ٥١٣، ومسلم في السلام، باب الطاعون والطيرة والكهانة ونحوها، برقم (٢٢١٨) ٤ / ١٧٣٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٥٤.