Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/237)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Call upon your Lord humbly and privately. Indeed, He does not love the transgressors. And do not spread corruption in the land after it has been set right. Call upon Him in fear and hope. Indeed, Allah’s mercy is near to those who do good.” (55–56)

“Call upon your Lord humbly”: that is, with humility and submissiveness; “and privately”: that is, in secret. Al-Hasan said: “The reward for a private supplication is seventy times that of an open supplication. The Muslims would strive earnestly in supplication, yet no sound would be heard from them; it was only a whisper between them and their Lord. This is because Allah, glorified be He, says: ‘Call upon your Lord humbly and privately.’ And Allah mentioned a righteous servant whose conduct He approved, saying: ‘When he called out to his Lord in a secret call.’” [Mary 3]

“Indeed, He does not love the transgressors”: it was said that this refers to those who transgress in supplication. Abu Mujliz said: “They are those who ask for the stations of the prophets.”

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Fashani informed us; al-Qasim ibn Ja'far al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Lu'lu'i informed us; Abu Dawud al-Sijistani related to us; Musa ibn Isma'il related to us; Hammad—that is, Ibn Salamah—related to us; Sa'id al-Jariri informed us, from Abu Na'amah, that Abdullah ibn Mughaffal heard his son say: “O Allah, I ask You for the white palace on the right side of Paradise when I enter it.” He said: “My son, ask Allah for Paradise and seek refuge from the Fire, for I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: ‘There will be among this ummah people who transgress in ritual purification and supplication.’” (1)

It was also said that what is meant is transgression through praying aloud [and shouting]. (2) Ibn Jurayj said: “Among transgression are raising one’s voice, calling aloud in supplication, and shouting.”

We also related from Abu Musa, who said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, campaigned at Khaybar, the people came upon a valley and raised their voices in declaring Allah’s greatness. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Be gentle with yourselves. You are not calling upon one who is deaf or absent; rather, you are calling upon One who hears and is near.” (3)

Atiyyah said: “They are those who supplicate against the believers in matters in which doing so is not lawful, saying, ‘O Allah, disgrace them! O Allah, curse them!’”

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud, Book of Purification, chapter on wasting water, 1:87; and by Ibn Majah, Book of Supplication, chapter on the disapproval of excess in supplication, no. 3864, with the wording: “There will be people who exceed the proper bounds in supplication ...,” 2:1271. It was authenticated by al-Hakim, with al-Dhahabi concurring, 1:504; by Ibn Hibban, no. 171, pp. 70-71 of Mawarid al-Zam'an; and by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 1:172, 183, on the authority of Sad ibn Abi Waqqas, and 4:86-87 and 5:55, from the hadith of Abdullah ibn Mughaffal. Ibn Kathir cited it in his Tafsir, 2:222-223, and said: “Its chain of transmission is sound and unobjectionable.” (2) Omitted in manuscript B. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Jihad, chapter on the Expedition of Khaybar, 7:470, as well as in the Books of Supplications, Tawhid, and Jihad; and by Muslim in the Book of Remembrance, Supplication, Repentance, and Seeking Forgiveness, chapter on lowering the voice in remembrance, no. 2704, 4:2076; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:66.

﴿ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ (٥٥) وَلَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ إِصْلَاحِهَا وَادْعُوهُ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا إِنَّ رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (٥٦) ﴾ ﴿ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا﴾ تَذَلُّلًا وَاسْتِكَانَةً، ﴿وَخُفْيَةً﴾ أَيْ سِرًّا. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: بَيْنَ دَعْوَةِ السِّرِّ وَدَعْوَةِ الْعَلَانِيَةِ سَبْعُونَ ضِعْفًا، وَلَقَدْ كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَجْتَهِدُونَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ وَمَا يُسْمَعُ لَهُمْ صَوْتٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ إِلَّا هَمْسًا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّهِمْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ يَقُولُ: "ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً"، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ذَكَرَ عَبْدًا صَالِحًا وَرَضِيَ فِعْلَهُ فَقَالَ: "إِذْ نَادَى رَبَّهُ نِدَاءً خَفِيًّا" [مَرْيَمُ-٣] . ﴿إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ﴾ قِيلَ: الْمُعْتَدِينَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَسْأَلُونَ مَنَازِلَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ﵈. أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْفَاشَانِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْلُؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَمَةَ، أَنْبَأَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْجَرِيرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُغَفَّلٍ سَمِعَ ابْنَهُ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْقَصْرَ الْأَبْيَضَ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْجَنَّةِ إِذَا دَخَلْتُهَا، فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ سَلِ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ وَتَعُوذْ مِنَ النَّارِ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ قَوْمٌ يَعْتَدُونَ فِي الطَّهُورِ وَالدُّعَاءِ" (١) . وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الِاعْتِدَاءَ بِالْجَهْرِ [وَالصِّيَاحُ] (٢) قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: مِنْ الِاعْتِدَاءِ رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ وَالنِّدَاءُ بِالدُّعَاءِ وَالصِّيَاحُ. وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ لَمَّا غَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ أَشْرَفَ النَّاسُ عَلَى وَادٍ فَرَفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَرْبِعُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ، إِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْعُونَ أَصَمَّ وَلَا غَائِبًا، إِنَّكُمْ تَدْعُونَ سَمِيعًا قَرِيبًا" (٣) . وَقَالَ عَطِيَّةُ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِيمَا لَا يَحِلُّ، فَيَقُولُونَ: اللَّهُمَّ أَخْزِهِمُ اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْهُمْ.

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الطهارة، باب الإسراف في الماء: ١ / ٨٧، وابن ماجه في الدعاء، باب كراهية الاعتداء في الدعاء، برقم (٣٨٦٤) بلفظ: "سيكون قوم يعتدون في الدعاء ... ": ٢ / ١٢٧١، وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي: ١ / ٥٠٤، وابن حبان، برقم (١٧١) ص (٧٠-٧١) من موارد الظمآن، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ١٧٢،١٨٣ عن سعد بن أبي وقاص، و٤ / ٨٦،٨٧، ٥ / ٥٥ من حديث عبد الله بن مغفل. وساقه ابن كثير في التفسير: ٢ / ٢٢٢-٢٢٣ وقال: "وهو إسناد حسن لا بأس به". (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب غزوة خيبر: ٧ / ٤٧٠، وفي الدعوات وفي التوحيد وفي الجهاد، وأخرجه مسلم في الذكر والدعاء والتوبة والاستغفار، باب خفض الصوت بالذكر، برقم (٢٧٠٤) : ٤ / ٢٠٧٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٦٦.