Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/232)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

a people whose good deeds and evil deeds are equal. Their evil deeds fell short of admitting them into Paradise, while their good deeds surpassed what would cause them to enter the Fire. So they remained there until Allah judges concerning them as He wills; then He will admit them into Paradise through the bounty of His mercy. They will be the last to enter Paradise.

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kisa’i informed us; Abdullah ibn Mahmud informed us; Ibrahim ibn Abdullah al-Khallal informed us; Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us from Abu Bakr al-Hudhali, who said: Sa’id ibn Jubayr, reporting from Ibn Mas’ud, said: “People will be called to account on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever has one more good deed than evil deed will enter Paradise, and whoever has one more evil deed than good deed will enter the Fire.” He then recited the saying of Allah Most High:

“Those whose scales are heavy—it is they who will be successful. But those whose scales are light—it is they who have lost their souls.” (al-A‘raf, 8–9)

He then said: “Indeed, the scale may be lightened or tipped by the weight of a single grain.” (1) He said: “Whoever’s good deeds and evil deeds are equal will be among the people of the A‘raf. They will be halted upon the Sirat; then they will recognize the people of Paradise and the people of the Fire. Whenever they look upon the people of Paradise, they will call out, ‘Peace be upon you.’ But when they turn their eyes toward the people of the Fire, they will say, ‘Our Lord, do not place us with the wrongdoing people.’

“As for those who possess good deeds, they will be given a light by which they will walk before them and on their right. Every servant will be given a light on that Day (2); but when they come to the Sirat, Allah will strip every male and female hypocrite of their light. When (3) the people of Paradise see what the hypocrites have suffered, they will say, ‘Our Lord, perfect our light for us.’

“As for the people of the A‘raf, the light before them will not be taken away, but their evil deeds (4) will prevent them from proceeding. Thus hope will remain in their hearts, since the light before them has not been removed. Thereupon Allah says: ‘They have not entered it, though they hope to do so.’ Their hope was the light before them (5). Then they will be admitted into Paradise, and they will be the last of the people of Paradise to enter it.”

Shurahbil ibn Sa‘d said: “The people of the A‘raf are those who went out to fight without their parents’ permission.” Muqatil likewise related in his commentary, in a report traced back to the Prophet: “They were men who fought in the cause of Allah while disobedient to their parents, and were killed. They were freed from the Fire by their being killed in the cause of Allah (6), yet were kept from Paradise because of their disobedience to their parents. Thus, they will be the last to enter Paradise.”

It is also related from Mujahid that they are people with whom one of their parents is pleased, while the other is not; they will be detained upon

(1) Reported by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 8:190-191 (al-Halabi edition). See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:461. (2) Omitted in manuscript B. (3) In manuscript B: “fa-idha” (then, when). (4) In manuscript A: “al-sayyi'at” (evil deeds). (5) In manuscript A: “fi qulubihim” (in their hearts). (6) Omitted in manuscript B.

قَوْمٌ اسْتَوَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُمْ وَسَيِّئَاتُهُمْ، فَقَصَّرَتْ بِهِمْ سَيِّئَاتُهُمْ عَنِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَتَجَاوَزَتْ بِهِمْ حَسَنَاتُهُمْ عَنِ النَّارِ، فَوَقَفُوا هُنَاكَ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ مَا يَشَاءُ، ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِهِ، وَهُمْ آخِرُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: يُحَاسَبُ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَمَنْ كَانَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِ بِوَاحِدَةٍ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ سَيِّئَاتُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِ بِوَاحِدَةٍ دَخَلَ النَّارَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: (فَمَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ وَمَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ) (الْأَعْرَافُ ٨-٩) . ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْمِيزَانَ يَخِفُّ بِمِثْقَالِ حَبَّةٍ أَوْ يَرْجُحُ (١) . قَالَ: وَمَنِ اسْتَوَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ وَسَيِّئَاتُهُ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْأَعْرَافِ فَوُقِفُوا عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ، ثُمَّ عَرَفُوا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلَ النَّارِ فَإِذَا نَظَرُوا إِلَى أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ نَادَوْا سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَإِذَا صَرَفُوا أَبْصَارَهُمْ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلُنَا مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ، فَأَمَّا أَصْحَابُ الْحَسَنَاتِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُعْطَوْنَ نُورًا يَمْشُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ أيديهم وبأيمانهم، ويعط كُلُّ عَبْدٍ [يَوْمَئِذٍ] (٢) نُورًا فَإِذَا أَتَوْا عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ سَلَبَ اللَّهُ نُورَ كُلِّ مُنَافِقٍ وَمُنَافِقَةٍ، [فَلَمَّا] (٣) رَأَى أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ مَا لَقِيَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَتْمِمْ لَنَا نُورَنَا. فَأُمًّا أَصْحَابُ الْأَعْرَافِ فَإِنَّ النُّورَ لَمْ يُنْزَعْ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَمَنَعَتْهُمْ [سَيِّئَاتُهُمْ] (٤) أَنْ يَمْضُوا فَبَقِيَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الطَّمَعُ إِذْ لَمْ يُنْزَعِ النُّورُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ، فَهُنَالِكَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: "لَمْ يَدْخُلُوهَا وَهُمْ يَطْمَعُونَ"، وَكَانَ الطَّمَعُ النُّورَ الَّذِي [بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ] (٥) ثُمَّ أُدْخِلُوا الْجَنَّةَ، وَكَانُوا آخَرَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ دُخُولًا. وَقَالَ شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: أَصْحَابُ الْأَعْرَافِ قَوْمٌ خَرَجُوا فِي الْغَزْوِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ آبَائِهِمْ، وَرَوَاهُ مُقَاتِلٌ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ مَرْفُوعًا: هُمْ رِجَالٌ غَزَوْا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ [عُصَاةٌ لِآبَائِهِمْ فَقُتِلُوا، فَأُعْتِقُوا مِنَ النَّارِ بِقَتْلِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ] (٦) وَحُبِسُوا عَنِ الْجَنَّةِ بِمَعْصِيَةِ آبَائِهِمْ، فَهُمْ آخَرُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: أَنَّهُمْ أَقْوَامٌ رَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَحَدُ الْأَبَوَيْنِ دُونَ الْآخَرِ، يُحْبَسُونَ عَلَى

(١) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ٨ / ١٩٠-١٩١ (طبع الحلبي) ، وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٣ / ٤٦١. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) في "ب": (فإذا) . (٤) في "أ": (السيئات) . (٥) في "أ": (في قلوبهم) . (٦) ساقط من "ب".