Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/229)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Hamzah and al-Kisa'i recited it without gemination; the remaining reciters recited it with the letter t doubled: “the gates of heaven”—that is, the gates of heaven will not be opened for their supplications or their deeds. Ibn Abbas said: Nor for their souls, because they are wicked souls: they are not taken up, but rather cast down into Sijjin. The gates of heaven are opened only for the souls, supplications, and deeds of the believers.

“Nor will they enter Paradise until a camel passes through the eye of a needle”: that is, until a camel enters the hole of a needle. Both khiyat and makhit mean “needle.” What is meant is that they will never enter Paradise, for when something is made contingent upon an impossibility, this indicates an emphatic denial. Thus, one may say, “I will not do such-and-such until a crow turns gray or tar becomes white,” meaning: I will never do it. “Thus do We recompense the criminals.”

“For them is a bed from Hell, and above them are coverings. Thus do We recompense the wrongdoers. (41) But those who believe and do righteous deeds—We do not burden any soul beyond its capacity—they are the people of Paradise, abiding therein forever. (42) And We shall remove whatever resentment is in their hearts, while rivers flow beneath them. They will say, ‘All praise belongs to Allah, who guided us to this. We would never have found guidance had Allah not guided us. The messengers of our Lord certainly came with the truth.’ And they will be called, ‘This is Paradise, which you have been made to inherit for what you used to do.’ (43)”

“For them is a bed from Hell”: that is, a bedding. “And above them are coverings”: that is, blankets. It is the plural of ghashiyah, meaning that which covers and envelops them. This means that the Fire will surround them from every side, as Allah says: “They will have canopies of Fire above them and canopies below them.” (al-Zumar, 16) “Thus do We recompense the criminals.”

“But those who believe and do righteous deeds—We do not burden any soul beyond its capacity”: that is, beyond its ability, with that which entails neither hardship nor constraint for it. “They are the people of Paradise, abiding therein forever.”

“And We shall remove”: that is, We shall take out, “whatever resentment is in their hearts”—any rancor and enmity that had existed between them in this world. Thus, We shall make them brothers, seated upon couches facing one another; none of them will envy another for any favor with which Allah has singled him out. “While rivers flow beneath them.”

Al-Hasan narrated from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: “By Allah, it was concerning us—the people of Badr—that this was revealed: ‘And We shall remove whatever resentment is in their hearts, as brothers, seated upon couches facing one another.’” (1)

Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, also said: “I hope that I, Uthman, Talhah, and al-Zubayr are among those of whom He said—”

(1) Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar states in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 64: “Ibn Sa'd narrated it through Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father; and al-Tabari through Ma'mar, from Qatada, from Ali. Both chains are disconnected. Ibn Abi Shaybah, however, narrates it through Rabhi, from Ali, and its chain is connected.”

خَفَّفَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالتَّاءِ مُشَدَّدَةً، ﴿أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ﴾ لِأَدْعِيَتِهِمْ وَلَا لِأَعْمَالِهِمْ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لِأَرْوَاحِهِمْ لِأَنَّهَا خَبِيثَةٌ لَا يُصْعَدُ بِهَا بَلْ يُهْوَى بِهَا إِلَى سِجِّينٍ، إِنَّمَا تُفْتَحُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ لِأَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَدْعِيَتِهِمْ وَأَعْمَالِهِمْ، ﴿وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ الْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ الْخِيَاطِ﴾ أَيْ: حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الْبَعِيرُ فِي ثُقْبِ الْإِبْرَةِ، وَالْخِيَاطُ وَالْمَخِيطُ الْإِبْرَةُ، وَالْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ: أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ أَبَدًا لِأَنَّ الشَّيْءَ إِذَا عُلِّقَ بِمَا يَسْتَحِيلُ كَوْنُهُ يَدُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى تَأْكِيدِ الْمَنْعِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: لَا أَفْعَلُ كَذَا حَتَّى يَشِيبَ الْغُرَابُ أَوْ يَبْيَضَّ الْقَارُ، يُرِيدُ لَا أَفْعَلُهُ أَبَدًا. ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُجْرِمِينَ﴾ ﴿لَهُمْ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ (٤١) وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (٤٢) وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الْأَنْهَارُ وَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هَدَانَا لِهَذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لِنَهْتَدِيَ لَوْلَا أَنْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَقَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا بِالْحَقِّ وَنُودُوا أَنْ تِلْكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ أُورِثْتُمُوهَا بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (٤٣) ﴾ ﴿لَهُمْ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ﴾ أَيْ: فِرَاشٌ، ﴿وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ﴾ أَيْ: لُحُفٌ، وَهِيَ جَمْعُ غَاشِيَةٍ، يَعْنِي مَا غَشَّاهُمْ وَغَطَّاهُمْ، يُرِيدُ إِحَاطَةَ النَّارِ بِهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ، "لَهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ" (الزُّمَرِ، ١٦) ، ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُجْرِمِينَ﴾ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا﴾ أَيْ: طَاقَتَهَا وَمَا لَا تُحْرَجُ فِيهِ وَلَا تَضِيقُ عَلَيْهِ، ﴿أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ ﴿وَنَزَعْنَا﴾ وَأَخْرَجْنَا، ﴿مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ﴾ مِنْ غِشٍّ وَعَدَاوَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرُرٍ مُتَقَابِلِينَ لَا يَحْسُدُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا عَلَى شَيْءٍ خَصَّ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَهُمْ. ﴿تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الْأَنْهَارُ﴾ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ عَنْ عَلَيٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: فِينَا وَاللَّهِ أَهِلُ بِدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرُرٍ مُتَقَابِلِينَ﴾ (١) . وَقَالَ عَلَيٌّ ﵁ أَيْضًا: إِنِّي لِأَرْجُوَ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَنَا وَعُثْمَانُ وَطَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ

(١) قال الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (٦٤) : "ورواه ابن سعد من رواية جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه، والطبري من رواية معمر عن قتادة عن علي، وكلاهما منقطع. وفي ابن أبي شيبة من رواية ربحي عن علي، وهو متصل".