Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/224)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Musa al-Sayrafi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Burti narrated to us; Abu Hudhayfah narrated to us; Sufyan al-Thawri narrated to us from al-A'mash, from Abu Sufyan, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Every servant will be resurrected upon the state in which he died: the believer upon his faith, and the disbeliever upon his disbelief.” (1)

Abu al-Aliyah said: “They return according to what He has done with them.” Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: “You will be as He has written you to be.”

Muhammad ibn Ka'b said: Whoever Allah began to create in wretchedness will end in it, even if he performs the deeds of those destined for felicity—just as Iblis used to perform the deeds of those destined for felicity, then ended in wretchedness. And whoever Allah began to create in felicity will end in it, even if he performs the deeds of those destined for wretchedness—just as the magicians used to perform the deeds of those destined for wretchedness, then ended in felicity.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Ja'd narrated to us; Abu Ghassan narrated to us from Abu Hazim, who said: I heard Sahl ibn Sa'd say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “A servant may perform, in the sight of people, the deeds of the people of Paradise while he is among the people of the Fire; and he may perform, in the sight of people, the deeds of the people of the Fire while he is among the people of Paradise. Deeds are judged only by their final outcomes.” (2)

Al-Hasan and Mujahid said: Just as He originated you and created you in this world when you were nothing, so too will you return to life on the Day of Resurrection, as Allah Most High says: “Just as We began the first creation, We shall repeat it” (The Prophets, 104). Qatadah said: “He originated them from”

(1) Narrated by Muslim in al-Jannah wa Sifat Na'imiha (Paradise and the Description of Its Bliss), chapter: the command to think well of Allah Most High at the time of death, no. 2878, 4:2206; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:402, without the phrase: “the believer according to his faith.” (2) Narrated by Muslim in al-Iman (Faith), chapter: the severe prohibition of a person killing himself, no. 112, 1:106. It includes a story. It was also narrated by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:150.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الصَّيْرَفِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْبِرْتِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يُبْعَثُ كُلُّ عَبْدٍ عَلَى مَا مَاتَ عَلَيْهِ، الْمُؤْمِنُ عَلَى إِيمَانِهِ وَالْكَافِرُ عَلَى كُفْرِهِ" (١) . وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: عَادُوا عَلَى عَمَلِهِ فِيهِمْ. قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: كَمَا كَتَبَ عَلَيْكُمْ تَكُونُونَ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ: مَنِ ابْتَدَأَ اللَّهُ خَلْقَهُ عَلَى الشَّقَاوَةِ صَارَ إِلَيْهَا وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ، كَمَا أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ ثُمَّ صَارَ إِلَى الشقاوة، ومن ابتداء خَلْقَهُ عَلَى السَّعَادَةِ صَارَ إِلَيْهَا وَإِنَّ عَمِلَ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءَ، وَكَمَا أَنَّ السَّحَرَةَ كَانَتْ تَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاوَةِ فَصَارُوا إِلَى السَّعَادَةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ يَعْمَلُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّاسُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَإِنَّهُ لِيَعْمَلُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّاسُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَإِنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالْخَوَاتِيمِ" (٢) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ وَخَلَقَكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَمْ تَكُونُوا شَيْئًا، كَذَلِكَ تَعُودُونَ أَحْيَاءً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "كَمَا بَدَأْنَا أَوَّلَ خَلْقٍ نُعِيدُهُ" (الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، ١٠٤) ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: بَدَأَهُمْ مِنَ

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها، باب الأمر بحسن الظن بالله تعالى عند الموت، برقم (٢٨٧٨) : ٤ / ٢٢٠٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٤٠٢ - دون قوله "المؤمن على إيمانه". (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب غلظ تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه، برقم (١١٢) : ١ / ١٠٦، وفيه قصة، وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٥٠.