Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/223)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O children of Adam, do not let Satan tempt you as he caused your parents to leave Paradise, stripping them of their clothing in order to expose their private parts to them. Indeed, he and his hosts see you from where you do not see them. Indeed, We have made the devils allies of those who do not believe. (27) And when they commit an indecency, they say, ‘We found our fathers doing it, and Allah has commanded us to do it.’ Say, ‘Indeed, Allah does not command indecency. Do you say about Allah that which you do not know?’ (28) Say, ‘My Lord has commanded justice. Direct yourselves at every place of worship, and call upon Him, devoting worship sincerely to Him. As He originated you, so you will return.’ (29)”

“O children of Adam, do not let Satan tempt you”: that is, do not let Satan lead you astray. “As he caused your parents to leave”: that is, just as he tempted your parents, Adam and Eve, and caused them to leave Paradise, “stripping them of their clothing in order to expose their private parts to them”—so that each of them might see the other’s private parts.

“Indeed, he sees you”: that is, Satan sees you, O children of Adam, “he and his hosts”—his troops. Ibn Abbas said: “He and his offspring.” Qatadah said: “His hosts are the jinn and the devils.” “From where you do not see them.” Malik ibn Dinar said: “An enemy who sees you while you do not see him is severe in enmity and burdensome—except for one whom Allah protects.”

“Indeed, We have made the devils allies”: companions and helpers “of those who do not believe.” Al-Zajjaj said: Their authority over them increases them in their misguidance, as He said: “Indeed, We have sent the devils upon the disbelievers, inciting them fiercely” (Mary, 83).

“And when they commit an indecency”: Ibn Abbas and Mujahid said that this was their circumambulation of the House while naked. Ata said: It is polytheism. An indecency is a term for every vile act that has reached the utmost degree of vileness. “They say, ‘We found our fathers doing it.’” This contains an implied meaning: when they committed an indecency and were forbidden from it, they said, “We found our fathers doing it.” It was said: “And from where did your fathers derive it?” They replied: “Allah commanded us to do it.” Say, “Indeed, Allah does not command indecency. Do you say about Allah that which you do not know?”

“Say, ‘My Lord has commanded justice.’” Ibn Abbas said: This means that there is no god worthy of worship but Allah. Al-Dahhak said: It means monotheism. Mujahid and al-Suddi said: It means justice. “Direct yourselves at every place of worship.” Mujahid and al-Suddi said: This means to turn your faces toward the Ka‘bah in prayer, wherever you may be. Al-Dahhak said: If the time for prayer comes while you are at a mosque, pray in it, and let none of you say, “I will pray in my own mosque.” It was also said to mean: Make your prostration sincerely for Allah. “And call upon Him”: worship Him, “devoting worship sincerely to Him”: that is, obedience and worship.

“As He originated you, so you will return.” Ibn Abbas said: Allah Most High began the creation of the children of Adam as believers and disbelievers 129/a, as He said: “He is the One Who created you; then among you is the disbeliever, and among you is the believer” (Mutual Loss, 2). Then, on the Day of Resurrection, He will bring them back as He created them: believers and disbelievers. Mujahid said: They will be resurrected upon the state in which they died.

﴿يَا بَنِي آدَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ كَمَا أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا سَوْآتِهِمَا إِنَّهُ يَرَاكُمْ هُوَ وَقَبِيلُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (٢٧) وَإِذَا فَعَلُوا فَاحِشَةً قَالُوا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهَا آبَاءَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَمَرَنَا بِهَا قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (٢٨) قُلْ أَمَرَ رَبِّي بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَقِيمُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ (٢٩) ﴾ ﴿يَا بَنِي آدَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ﴾ لَا يُضِلَّنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ، ﴿كَمَا أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: كَمَا فَتَنَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ آدَمَ وَحَوَّاءَ فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا، ﴿مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا سَوْآتِهِمَا﴾ لِيَرَى كُلٌّ وَاحِدٍ سَوْأَةَ الْآخَرِ، ﴿إِنَّهُ يَرَاكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي أَنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَرَاكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ، ﴿هُوَ وَقَبِيلُهُ﴾ جُنُودُهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُوَ وَوَلَدُهُ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: قَبِيلُهُ: الْجِنُّ وَالشَّيَاطِينُ، ﴿مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ: إِنَّ عَدُوًّا يَرَاكَ وَلَا تَرَاهُ لَشَدِيدُ الْخُصُومَةِ وَالْمُؤْنَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ عَصَمَ اللَّهُ، ﴿إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ قُرَنَاءَ وَأَعْوَانًا، ﴿لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: سُلْطَانُهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ يَزِيدُونَ فِي غَيِّهِمْ كَمَا قَالَ: (أَنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزًّا) [مَرْيَمَ-٨٣] . ﴿وَإِذَا فَعَلُوا فَاحِشَةً﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ طَوَافُهُمْ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرَاةً. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: الشِّرْكُ وَالْفَاحِشَةُ، اسْمٌ لِكُلِّ فِعْلٍ قَبِيحٍ بَلَغَ النِّهَايَةَ فِي الْقُبْحِ. ﴿قَالُوا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهَا آبَاءَنَا﴾ وَفِيهِ إِضْمَارٌ مَعْنَاهُ: وَإِذَا فَعَلُوا فَاحِشَةً فَنُهُوا عَنْهَا قَالُوا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهَا آبَاءَنَا. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ أَيْنَ أَخَذَ آبَاؤُكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: ﴿وَاللَّهُ أَمَرَنَا بِهَا قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ ﴿قُلْ أَمَرَ رَبِّي بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: بِالتَّوْحِيدِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: بِالْعَدْلِ. ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: يَعْنِي وَجِّهُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ حَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: إِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنْتُمْ عِنْدَ مَسْجِدٍ فَصَلُّوا فِيهِ وَلَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ أُصَلِّي فِي مَسْجِدِي. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ اجْعَلُوا سُجُودَكُمْ لِلَّهِ خَالِصًا، ﴿وَادْعُوهُ﴾ وَاعْبُدُوهُ، ﴿مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ﴾ الطَّاعَةَ وَالْعِبَادَةَ، ﴿كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بَدَأَ خَلْقَ بَنِي آدَمَ مؤمنا وكافرا ١٢٩/أكَمَا قَالَ: "هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌ" (التَّغَابُنِ، ٢) ، ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَمَا خَلَقَهُمْ مُؤْمِنًا وَكَافِرًا. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يُبْعَثُونَ عَلَى مَا مَاتُوا عَلَيْهِ.