Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/208)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sam‘an narrated to us; Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh narrated to us; al-Nadr ibn Shumayl narrated to us; Hisham narrated to us from Ibn Sirin, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever repents before the sun rises from the west, Allah will accept his repentance.” (1)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Sam‘ani narrated to us; Abu Ja‘far al-Rayani narrated to us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh narrated to us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah narrated to us; Hammad ibn Zayd narrated to us; ‘Asim ibn Abi al-Najud narrated to us from Zirr ibn Hubaysh, who said: I came to Safwan ibn ‘Assal al-Muradi, and he mentioned from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that “Allah, the Most High, has placed in the west a gate for repentance whose breadth is a journey of seventy years. It will not be closed until the sun rises from that direction.” This is the saying of Allah, the Most High: “On the Day some of your Lord’s signs come, no soul will benefit from believing then if it did not believe before.” (2)

Abu Hazim narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There are three things which, when they appear, no soul will benefit from believing then if it did not believe before or had earned some good through its faith: the Dajjal, the Beast, and the sun’s rising from the west.” (3)

“Indeed, those who have divided their religion and become sects—you have nothing to do with them. Their affair is only with Allah; then He will inform them of what they used to do.” (159)

The saying of the Most High, “Indeed, those who have divided their religion”: Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited it as “fāraqū” (they forsook), with an alif, here and in Surah al-Rum; that is, they departed from their religion and abandoned it. The others recited it as “farraqū” (they divided), with a doubled r; that is, they made Allah’s religion—which is one, the upright religion of Abraham—into differing religions. Thus, some became Jews and others became Christians. This is indicated by His saying, “and become sects”; that is, they became differing factions. According to Mujahid, Qatadah, and al-Suddi, they are the Jews and the Christians.

It was also said: They are the adherents of religious innovations and doubts from this Ummah. And it was narrated from ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, that

(1) Narrated by Muslim in al-Dhikr wa al-Du'a, chapter on the recommendation to seek forgiveness, no. 2703, 4:2076; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:83. (2) Narrated at length by al-Tirmidhi in al-Da'awat, chapter on the virtue of repentance and seeking forgiveness, 9:517-519. He said: “This is a hasan sahih hadith.” It was also narrated by Ibn Majah in al-Fitan, chapter on the sun rising from the west, no. 4070, 2:1353; by al-Tayalisi in al-Musnad, pp. 160-161; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:89. (3) Narrated by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter on the time when Allah will no longer accept faith, no. 158, 1:138.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ ثَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَّانِيُّ أَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ أَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ أَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ تَابَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَّانِيُّ أَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ أَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ أَبِي النَّجُودِ عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ عَسَّالٍ الْمُرَادِيَّ فَذَكَرَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جَعَلَ بِالْمَغْرِبِ بَابًا مَسِيرَةُ عَرْضِهِ سَبْعُونَ عَامًا لِلتَّوْبَةِ لَا يُغْلَقُ مَا لَمْ تَطْلُعِ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ"، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: "يَوْمَ يَأْتِي بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنْفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِنْ قَبْلُ" (٢) . وَرَوَى أَبُو حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "ثَلَاثٌ إِذَا خَرَجْنَ لَا يَنْفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا: الدَّجَّالُ، وَالدَّابَّةُ، وَطُلُوعُ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا". (٣) . ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ إِنَّمَا أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ (١٥٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: " فَارَقُوا "، بِالْأَلِفِ هَاهُنَا وَفِي سُورَةِ الرُّومِ، أَيْ: خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِينِهِمْ وَتَرَكُوهُ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: "فَرَّقُوا" مُشَدَّدًا، أَيْ: جَعَلُوا دِينَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ وَاحِدٌ -دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇ الْحَنِيفِيَّةَ -أَدْيَانًا مُخْتَلِفَةً، فَتَهَوَّدُ قَوْمٌ وَتَنَصَّرُ قَوْمٌ، يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا﴾ أَيْ: صَارُوا فِرَقًا مُخْتَلِفَةً وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى فِي قَوْلِ مُجَاهِدٍ وَقَتَادَةَ وَالسُّدِّيِّ. وَقِيلَ: هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْبِدَعِ وَالشُّبُهَاتِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الذكر والدعاء.. باب استحباب الاستغفار، برقم (٢٧٠٣) : ٤ / ٢٠٧٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة ٥ / ٨٣. (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في الدعوات، باب ما جاء في فضل التوبة والاستغفار: ٩ / ٥١٧-٥١٩ مطولا، وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح. وأخرجه ابن ماجه في الفتن، باب طلوع الشمس من مغربها، برقم (٤٠٧٠) ٢ / ١٣٥٣، والطيالسي في المسند ص (١٦٠-١٦١) ، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٨٩. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب بيان الزمن الذي لا يقبل الله فيه الإيمان، برقم (١٥٨) : ١ / ١٣٨.