—is above the heaven, that is, high and exalted—not, as many like al-Shaʿrāwī and others claim. There is a stock phrase that circulates among ordinary people—and you will certainly hear it: “Allah is present everywhere; Allah pervades all existence.” Such a statement is disbelief, although, as Allah says, “Yet most people do not know” (al-A‘rāf 7:187).
Why is it disbelief? First, because it contradicts what we have already cited, such as His words, “The Most Merciful rose over the Throne” (Ṭā Hā 20:5), and the hadith of this very slave-girl: when the Prophet asked, “Where is Allah?” she replied, “In the heaven,” in faithful acceptance of what Surah Tabāraka states.
There are many, indeed countless, other texts. For example, the Prophet ﷺ said: “Every night Allah descends to the lowest heaven during the last third of the night and proclaims, ‘Is there anyone supplicating Me so that I may answer him? Is there anyone seeking forgiveness so that I may forgive him? Is there anyone repenting so that I may grant him repentance?’” and He continues so until dawn breaks. Allah’s descent from the heaven necessarily implies that He is above the heaven, not diffused throughout every place as the common folk imagine.
That is one aspect: their claim clashes with the verses and with authentic hadiths. From another angle, let the reflective Muslim ask: Allah is eternal, without beginning, as He says, “He is the First and the Last, the Exalted and the Intimate” (al-Ḥadīd 57:3). Creation, however, had a beginning, for the Prophet ﷺ said: “The first thing Allah created was the Pen. He said to it, ‘Write.’ It asked, ‘What shall I write?’ He said, ‘Write everything that will occur until the Day of Resurrection.’” Before Allah created the creation, was He in a place—while they claim that Allah is in every place? Place did not exist alongside Allah as His partner, for it was Allah who brought it into being with the single command “Be,” just as He says: “When He wills a thing, His command is only to say to it ‘Be,’ and it is” (Yā-Sīn 36:82). By this command He created the heavens and the earth, and only then did time and place come into existence. What, then, do these people mean when they say, “Allah is present in every place,” when Allah existed and no place yet existed? Do they mean