Jimāʿ al-ʿIlm - Al-Shafi'i - (48)

Clarification of the Divine Obligations

Al-Rabiʿ ibn Sulaymān reported: al-Shafiʿī said:

461 – Allah, exalted is He, has prescribed obligations in His Book in two distinct ways.

462 – The first is that He detailed some of them so clearly that the very revelation suffices, with no need for further interpretation or supporting report.

463 – The second is that He laid down the obligation in His Book but explained its particulars on the tongue of His Messenger ﷺ.

464 – He then confirmed the obligatory force of whatever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ legislated by His statement: “Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it” (al-Hashr 59:7).

465 – And by His statement, blessed be His Name: “But no—by your Lord! They will not believe until they make you judge concerning what they dispute among themselves, then find in themselves no discomfort regarding what you have decided, and submit in full submission” (al-Nisāʾ 4:65).

466 – And by His statement, exalted is He: “It is not for a believing man or woman, once Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, to have any choice in the affair” (al-Aḥzāb 33:36), along with other verses of the same purport.

467 – Therefore, whoever accepts a command from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has in fact accepted it as an obligation from Allah, exalted is He.

468 – Al-Shafiʿī continued: All the divine obligations are united in their binding character, yet their detailed rulings diverge according to the distinctions first drawn by Allah, exalted is He, and then by His Messenger ﷺ.

469 – Consequently, one must separate what the Law has separated and combine what it has combined; a subsidiary ruling from one legal domain is not to be analogized with that of another.

بيان فرائض الله (تعالى) أخبرنا الربيع بْن سليمان قال: قال الشافعي: ٤٦١ - فرض الله – Exalté soit-Il – في كتابه من وجهين: ٤٦٢ - أحدهما أبان فيه كيف فرض بعضها حتى استغني فيه بالتنزيل عن التأويل وعن الخبر. ٤٦٣ - والآخر أنه أحكم فرضه بكتابه وبين كيف هي على لسان نبيه ﷺ. ٤٦٤ - ثم أثبت فرض ما فرض رسول الله ﷺ في كتابه بقوله – Exalté soit-Il –: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا﴾ [الحشر: من الآية٧] . ٤٦٥ - وبقوله تبارك اسمه: ﴿فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجاً مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً﴾ [النساء: ٦٥] . ٤٦٦ - وبقوله – Exalté soit-Il –: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْراً أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: من الآية٣٦] . مع غير آية في القرآن بهذا المعنى ٤٦٧ - فمن قبل عن رسول الله ﷺ فبفرض الله – Exalté soit-Il – قبل. ٤٦٨ - قال: الشافعي فالفرائض تجتمع في أنها ثابتة على ما فرضت عليه ثم تفرقت شرائعها بما فرق الله – Exalté soit-Il – ثم رسوله ﷺ. ٤٦٩ - فيفرق بين ما فرق منها ويجمع بين ما جمع منها فلا يقاس فرع شريعة على غيرها.