al-ʿĀṣ, from ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, who heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “When a judge gives judgment, exerts ijtihād (independent reasoning), and gets it right, he receives two rewards; but if he gives judgment, exerts ijtihād, and then errs, he still receives one reward.”

458 – Yazīd ibn al-Hād said, “I reported this hadith to Abū Bakr ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm, and he replied, ‘Abū Salamah narrated it to me from Abū Hurayrah in the very same wording.’

459 – He then asked, ‘And what else?’

460 – I said, ‘What we have set out: that judges and muftis to this very day have differed over certain matters on which they rule and issue fatwas—even though they judge and give verdicts only within what each of them considers permissible. You regard this as consensus; yet how can it be consensus when their actual practice contains disagreement?’