Nuzhat al-Nazar fi Tawdih Nukhbat al-Fikar - Tahqiq al-QasimIbn Hajar Al-Asqalani

[The Distinction between gharīb and fard]
“(Only rarely do they call it fardiyya) (1), because gharīb and fard are synonymous both in language and in technical usage. However, the specialists have drawn a line between them simply according to how often each term is employed.

Fard is the term they most often apply to the absolute singular report,
while gharīb is the one they most often apply to the relative singular report.

This, though, concerns the use of the noun (2) in both cases.

When it comes to the derived verb, they make no distinction: with either the absolute or the relative they will say, “So-and-so tafarrada bihi,” or, “So-and-so aghraba bihi” (3).

Closely related to this (4) is their debate over the terms munqaṭiʿ and mursal—are they two separate categories or not?

Most hadith scholars say they are distinct, but only when speaking in the nominal form. When they shift to the verbal form, they use only irsāl, saying:

(1) MS H reads “wa-yaʿizzu.” (2) MSS B, D, H, M, and a marginal note on MS H read “al-ismiyya.” Al-Laqani, Qadaʾ al-Watar, p. 657, remarks: “Regarding the phrase ‘and this is in terms of applying al-ismiyya to the two of them’: had he instead said, as some copies do, ‘in terms of applying the ism (the name) to them,’ it would have been preferable, for what scholars actually attribute to the two—both by convention and in use—is the name (ism), not the abstract noun al-ismiyya.” (3) MS T reads “wa-aghra ba.” (4) MS H has “wa-qurib,” whereas MS T reads “wa-aqrab.”
[الفرق بين الغريب والفرد] (وَيَقِلُّ (١) إِطْلَاقُ الفَرْدِيَّةِ عَلَيْهِ)؛ لِأَنَّ الغَرِيبَ وَالفَرْدَ مُتَرَادِفَانِ لُغَةً وَاصْطِلَاحاً، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الِاصْطِلَاحِ غَايَرُوا بَيْنَهُمَا مِنْ حَيْثُ كَثْرَةُ الِاسْتِعْمَالِ وَقِلَّتُهُ. فَالفَرْدُ: أَكْثَرُ مَا يُطْلِقُونَهُ عَلَى الفَرْدِ المُطْلَقِ. وَالغَرِيبُ: أَكْثَرُ مَا يُطْلِقُونَهُ عَلَى الفَرْدِ النِّسْبِيِّ. وَهَذَا مِنْ حَيْثُ إِطْلَاقُ الِاسْمِ (٢) عَلَيْهِمَا. وَأَمَّا مِنْ حَيْثُ اسْتِعْمَالُهُمُ الفِعْلَ المُشْتَقَّ فَلَا يُفَرِّقُونَ؛ فَيَقُولُونَ فِي المُطْلَقِ وَالنِّسْبِيِّ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ فُلَانٌ، أَوْ: أَغْرَبَ (٣) بِهِ فُلَانٌ. وَقَرِيبٌ (٤) مِنْ هَذَا: اخْتِلَافُهُمْ فِي المُنْقَطِعِ وَالمُرْسَلِ؛ هَلْ هُمَا مُتَغَايِرَانِ أَوْ لَا؟ فَأَكْثَرُ المُحَدِّثِينَ عَلَى التَّغَايُرِ؛ لَكِنَّهُ عِنْدَ إِطْلَاقِ الِاسْمِ، وَأَمَّا عِنْدَ اسْتِعْمَالِ الفِعْلِ المُشْتَقِّ فَيَسْتَعْمِلُونَ الإِرْسَالَ فَقَطْ؛ فَيَقُولُونَ:
(١) في ح: «ويَعِزُّ». (٢) في ب، د، ح، م، ونسخة على حاشية هـ: «الاسمية». قال اللَّقانيُّ ﵀ في قَضَاء الوَطَر (ص ٦٥٧): «قوله: (وَهَذَا مِنْ حَيْثُ إِطْلَاقُ الِاسْمِيَّةِ عَلَيْهِمَا): لو قال بدله: من حيث إطلاق الاسم - كما في بعض النسخ - عليهما؛ كان أولى، إذ الذي أطلقوه عليهما حملاً واستعمالاً إنَّما هو الاسم لا الاسمية». (٣) في ط: «وأغرب». (٤) في ح: «وقرب»، وفي ط: «وأقرب».

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