At times (1) a genealogical attribution is used merely as a sobriquet. One example is Khalid ibn Makhled al-Qatawani (2): although he was a Kufan by origin, people called him (3) “al-Qatawani” (4), and he used to take offence at the epithet.
Among the important matters as well is to know the reasons for such designations—that is, for the nicknames themselves (5).
Knowledge is likewise needed of the status of mawali, both patron and client (6), whether the bond arises through servitude (7), through a pact of alliance (8), or simply through Islam (9). All of these are referred to as a mawla, and the specific sense can be determined only when it is explicitly stated.
One must also be familiar with those who are brothers and sisters; the early scholars produced independent works on this topic, among them ʿAli ibn al-Madini (10).
(1) MSS Z and H read yaqaʿ, with an initial ya; D and K have taqaʿ, beginning with ta. The word appears twice in T, is left without diacritical dots in A, and A and H also insert the preposition fi (“in”).
(2) MS T records the form al-qatirani. Abū al-Faḍl Ibn Ṭāhir al-Qaysarānī states in al-Ansāb al-Muttafiqa, p. 122: “It is a nisba to Qutwān in Kufa, a locality there and not a tribe; among those so designated is the well-known traditionist Abū al-Haytham Khālid b. Mukhlad al-Qutwānī.” Al-Laqānī adds in Qaḍāʾ al-Waṭar, p. 1591: “Pronounced with a fatha on the qāf, tā, and wāw. The name refers to two places—one in Samarqand and the other in Kufa; several people were linked to the one in Kufa, including this man.”
(3) MS B has yulaqab, with a single (undoubled) qāf and a fatha; H gives the same form with a kasra; Z reads wa tulqab. The present edition follows H.
(4) D records al-Qutwānī, whereas T has al-Qaṭirānī.
(5) MSS D and L, together with a marginal note in Y, add: “and the nisbas whose inward sense differs from their outward wording,” a reading noted by al-Laqānī in Qaḍāʾ al-Waṭar, p. 1591.
(6) MSS A, H, T, and K, as well as a marginal note on L, read wa min asfal (“and from below”) in place of wa asfala (“and below”).
(7) MS J has bi-l-ʿitq (“by manumission”); its margin reads bi-l-riqq (“by slavery”).
(8) MS B gives aw bi-l-ḥalif (“or through oath-alliance”), which is erroneous; W has wa bi-l-ḥalif (“and through oath-alliance”).
(9) MS H adds aw al-Islam (“or through Islam”).
(10) The full title of his book is Tasmiyat man ruwiya ʿanhu min awlād al-ʿashara wa ghayrihim min aṣḥāb Rasūl Allah (“A Register of Those from Whom Narrations Were Transmitted among the Sons of the Ten and Other Companions of the Messenger of Allah”), and it is available in print.