Thus (1) we (2) have attained convergence with al-Bukhari in that very same teacher of his, while our chain is higher than the chain (3) that reaches him (4).
[Substitution]
(And) within this category (5)—namely, relative elevation—there is also “substitution” (6), which means reaching the teacher of one’s teacher as well. Example: when that identical chain reaches us (7)—the very same chain (8)—through another path (9) leading to (10) al-Qaʿnabi, from Mālik; then (11) al-Qaʿnabi would stand as a substitute therein (12) for (13) Qutaybah.
Scholars give most consideration to convergence and substitution when they are accompanied by elevation; otherwise, the designation “convergence” and “substitution” (14) still applies even without it.
[Equality]
(And) within it—that is, (15) within relative elevation—there is also “equality,” which is (16):