An explicit example of a marfūʿ statement is for a Companion to say, “I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say such-and-such,” or, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ narrated to us such-and-such” (1); or for him—or another narrator—to say (2), “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said such-and-such,” or, “From (3) the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said such-and-such,” and the like (4).

An explicit example of a marfūʿ action is for a Companion to say, “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ do such-and-such,” or for him—or someone else—to say (5), “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do such-and-such.”

An explicit example of a marfūʿ tacit approval (taqrīr) (6) is for a Companion to say, “I did such-and-such in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ,” or for him—or another narrator—to say, “So-and-so (7) did such-and-such in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ” (8), without mentioning that the Prophet objected to it.

[Among the kinds of narrations deemed marfūʿ by ruling]

An example of a statement that is considered marfūʿ by ruling, though not by explicit wording, is what a Companion (9)—who has not borrowed from the Israelite traditions—reports concerning matters in which there is no room for personal reasoning and which are unrelated to explaining language or clarifying rare expressions; such as reporting… (10)